48. Act of October 6, 1917 (40 Stat. 395, ch. 97, in part).
The amendment of sections 24 and 256 of the Judicial Code (which prescribe the jurisdiction of district courts) "saving * * * to claimants the rights and remedies under the workmen's compensation law of any State," held an attempt to transfer legislative power to the States—the Constitution, by article III, section 2, and article I, section 8, having adopted rules of general maritime law.
Knickerbocker Ice Co. v. Stewart, 253 U.S. 149 (May 17, 1920).
49. Act of September 19, 1918 (40 Stat. 960, ch. 174).
Specifically, that part of the Minimum Wage Law of the District of Columbia which authorized the Wage Board "to ascertain and declare * * * (a) Standards of minimum wages for women in any occupation within the District of Columbia, and what wages are inadequate to supply the necessary cost of living to any such women workers to maintain them in good health and to protect their morals * * *," held to interfere with freedom of contract under the Fifth Amendment.
Adkins et al. v. Children's Hospital and Adkins et al. v. Lyons, 261 U.S. 525 (April 9, 1923)—overruled in West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (March 29, 1937).
50. Act of February 24, 1919 (40 Stat. 1065, ch. 18, sec. 213, in part).
That part of section 213 of the Revenue Act of 1918 which provided that "* * * for the purposes of this title * * * the term 'gross income' * * * includes gains, profits, and income derived from salaries, wages, or compensation for personal service (including in the case of * * * judges of the Supreme and inferior courts of the United States * * * the compensation received as such) * * *" as applied to a judge in office when the act was passed, held a violation of the guaranty of judges' salaries, in article III, section 1.
Evans v. Gore, 253 U.S. 245 (June 1, 1920).
Miles v. Graham (268 U.S. 501, June 1, 1925), held it invalid as applied to a judge taking office subsequent to the date of the act.