71. Act of August 30, 1935 (49 Stat. 991, ch. 824).
Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935, held to impose not a tax within article I, section 8, but a penalty not sustained by the commerce clause.
Carter v. Carter Coal Co., 298 U.S. 238 (May 18, 1936).
72. Act of June 30, 1938 (52 Stat. 1251, ch. 850, sec. 2 (f)).
Federal Firearms Act, section 2 (f), establishing a presumption of guilt based on a prior conviction and present possession of a firearm, held to violate the test of due process under the Fifth Amendment.
Tot v. United States, 319 U.S. 463 (June 7, 1943).
73. Act of November 15, 1943 (57 Stat. 450, ch. 218, sec. 304).
Urgent Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1943, section 304, providing that no salary should be paid to certain, named Federal employees out of moneys appropriated, held to violate article I, section 9, clause 3, forbidding enactment of bill of attainder or ex post facto law.
United States v. Lovett, 328 U.S. 303 (June 3, 1946).