[395] 48 Stat. 1064.
[396] 49 Stat. 543; since amended in some respects in 1938 (52 Stat. 973) and 1940 (54 Stat. 735).
[397] 52 Stat. 973.
[398] 27 Stat. 531. As early as 1838 laws were passed requiring the installation of safety devices on steam vessels. 5 Stat. 304 and 626. Along with the Safety Appliance Acts mention should also be made of acts requiring the use of ashpans on locomotives (35 Stat. 476 (1908)); the inspection of boilers (36 Stat. 913 (1911) and 38 Stat. 1192 (1915)); the use of ladders, drawbars, etc., on cars (36 Stat. 298 (1910)); etc.
[399] 32 Stat. 943.
[400] 222 U.S. 20 (1911).
[401] Ibid. 26-27. See also Texas & P.R. Co. v. Rigsby, 241 U.S. 33 (1916); and United States v. California, 297 U.S. 175 (1936). In the latter case the intrastate railway involved was property of the State.
[402] 34 Stat. 1415.
[403] Baltimore & O.R. Co. v. Interstate Commerce Com., 221 U.S. 612, 618-619 (1911).
[404] 34 Stat. 232, disallowed in part in Howard v. Illinois Central R. Co., 207 U.S. 463 (1908); 35 Stat. 65, sustained in the Second Employers' Liability Cases (Mondou v. New York, N.H. & H.R. Co.), 223 U.S. 1 (1912).