[80] 2 Bl. 635 (1863).
[81] 4 Wall. 2 (1866).
[82] Ibid. 127.
[83] Ibid. 139-140. In Ex parte Vallandigham the Court had held while war was still flagrant that it had no power to review by certiorari the proceedings of a military commission ordered by a general officer of the Army, commanding a military department. 1 Wall. 243 (1864).
[84] 31 Stat. 141, 153.
[85] Duncan v. Kahanamoku, 327 U.S. 304 (1946).
[86] Ibid. 324.
[87] Ibid. 336.
[88] Ibid. 343.
[89] Ex parte Quirin, 317 U.S. 1 (1942).