[22] 14 Stat. 546; 8 U.S.C.A. § 56; 18 U.S.C.A. § 1581.
[23] 197 U.S. 207, 218 (1905).
[24] 320 U.S. 527, 529 (1944).
AMENDMENT 14
RIGHTS OF CITIZENS
- Page
- Section 1. Citizenship; privileges and immunities; due process; equal protection [963]
- Citizens of the United States [963]
- Kinds and sources of citizenship [963]
- History [963]
- Judicial elucidation of the citizenship clause [964]
- National and State citizenship [965]
- Corporations [965]
- Privileges and immunities [965]
- Purpose and early history of the clause [965]
- Privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States [967]
- Privileges held not within the protection of the clause [969]
- Due process of law clause [971]
- Historical development [971]
- Police power: liberty: property [974]
- Liberty of contract--labor relations [976]
- Definitions [981]
- "Persons" defined [981]
- Due process and the police power [982]
- Definition [982]
- Limitations on the police power [982]
- "Liberty," in general [983]
- Definitions [983]
- Personal liberty: compulsory vaccination: sexual sterilization [984]
- Liberties pertaining to education (of teachers, parents, pupils) [984]
- Liberties safeguarded by the first eight amendments [985]
- Liberty of contract (labor relations) [985]
- In general [985]
- Laws regulating hours of labor [986]
- Laws regulating labor in mines [987]
- Laws prohibiting employment of children in hazardous occupations [987]
- Laws regulating payment of wages [987]
- Minimum wage laws [988]
- Workmen's compensation laws [989]
- Collective bargaining [991]
- Regulation of charges; Business affected with a Public Interest [994]
- History [994]
- Nebbia v. New York [996]
- Judicial review of publicly determined rates and charges [998]
- Development [998]
- Limitations on judicial review [1000]
- Ben Avon Case [1003]
- History of the valuation question [1004]
- Regulation of public utilities (other than rates) [1008]
- In general [1008]
- Compulsory expenditures [1009]
- Grade crossings and other expenditures by railroads [1010]
- Compellable services [1011]
- Intercompany railway service [1012]
- Intercompany discriminatory service charges [1013]
- Safety regulations applicable to railroads [1014]
- Liabilities and penalties [1014]
- Regulation of corporations, business, professions, and trades [1016]
- Domestic corporations [1016]
- Foreign corporations [1016]
- Business in general [1017]
- Laws prohibiting trusts, discrimination, restraint of trade [1017]
- Statutes preventing fraud in sale of goods [1018]
- Blue sky laws; laws regulating boards of trade, etc. [1019]
- Trading stamps [1019]
- Banking [1020]
- Loans, interest, assignments [1020]
- Insurance [1021]
- Professions, trades, occupations [1023]
- Pharmacies [1023]
- Miscellaneous business, professions, trades, and occupations [1023]
- Protection of resources of the State [1025]
- Oil and gas [1025]
- Protection of property damaged by mining or drilling of wells [1026]
- Water [1026]
- Apple and citrus fruit industries [1026]
- Fish and game [1027]
- Limitations on ownership [1027]
- Zoning, building lines, etc. [1027]
- Safety regulations [1029]
- Police power [1029]
- General [1029]
- Health measures [1030]
- Protection of water supply [1030]
- Garbage [1030]
- Sewers [1030]
- Food and Drugs, etc. [1030]
- Milk [1030]
- Protection of public morals [1031]
- Gambling and lotteries [1031]
- Red light districts [1031]
- Sunday blue laws [1031]
- Intoxicating liquor [1031]
- Regulation of motor vehicles and motor carriers [1032]
- Succession to property [1033]
- Administration of estates [1034]
- Abandoned property [1034]
- Vested rights, remedial rights; political candidacy [1034]
- Man's best friend [1035]
- Control of local units of government [1035]
- Taxation [1036]
- In general [1036]
- Public purpose [1036]
- Other considerations affecting validity: excessive burden; ration of amount to benefit received [1037]
- Estate, gift and inheritance taxes [1037]
- Other types of taxes [1036]
- Income taxes [1036]
- Franchise taxes [1036]
- Severance taxes [1036]
- Real property taxes (assessment) [1036]
- Real property taxes (special assessments) [1040]
- Jurisdiction to tax [1041]
- Land [1041]
- Tangible personalty [1041]
- Intangible personalty [1042]
- General [1042]
- Taxes on intangibles sustained [1042]
- Taxes on intangibles invalidated [1044]
- Transfer taxes (inheritance, estate, gift taxes) [1045]
- Corporation taxes [1049]
- Intangible personal property [1049]
- Privilege taxes measured by corporate stock [1050]
- Privilege taxes measured by gross receipts [1051]
- Taxes on tangible personal property [1052]
- Income and other taxes [1053]
- Individual incomes [1053]
- Incomes of foreign corporations [1054]
- Chain store taxes [1055]
- Insurance company taxes [1055]
- Procedure in taxation [1056]
- In general [1056]
- Notice and hearing in relation to general taxes [1057]
- Notice and hearing in relation to assessments [1057]
- Notice and hearing in relation to special assessments [1058]
- Sufficiency and manner of giving notice [1060]
- Sufficiency of remedy [1060]
- Laches [1061]
- Collection of taxes [1061]
- Eminent Domain [1062]
- Historical development [1062]
- Public use [1063]
- Necessity for a taking [1064]
- What constitutes a taking for a public use [1064]
- Just compensation [1066]
- Uncompensated takings [1067]
- Consequential damages [1067]
- Limits to the above rule [1068]
- Due process in eminent domain [1069]
- Notice [1069]
- Hearing [1069]
- Occupation in advance of condemnation [1070]
- Due process in civil proceedings [1070]
- Some general criteria [1070]
- Ancient usage and uniformity [1070]
- Equality [1071]
- Due process and judicial process [1071]
- Jurisdiction [1072]
- In general [1072]
- How perfected: by voluntary appearance or service of process [1072]
- Service of process in actions in personam: individuals, resident and nonresident [1073]
- Suits in personam [1075]
- Suability of foreign corporations [1075]
- Service of process [1080]
- Actions in rem--proceedings against land [1080]
- Actions in rem--attachment proceedings [1081]
- Actions in rem--corporations, estates, trusts, etc. [1081]
- Actions in rem--divorce proceedings [1083]
- Misnomer of defendant--false return, etc. [1083]
- Notice and hearing [1084]
- Legislative proceedings [1084]
- Administrative proceedings [1084]
- Statutory proceedings [1087]
- Judicial proceedings [1087]
- Sufficiency of notice and hearing [1088]
- Power of States to regulate procedure [1089]
- Generally [1089]
- Pleading and practice [1089]
- Commencement of actions [1089]
- Pleas in abatement [1090]
- Defenses [1090]
- Amendments and continuances [1091]
- Costs, damages, and penalties [1091]
- Statutes of limitation [1092]
- Evidence and presumptions [1093]
- Jury trials: dispensing with trials [1096]
- Due process in criminal proceedings [1096]
- General [1096]
- Indefinite statutes: right of accused to knowledge of offense [1097]
- Abolition of the grand jury [1098]
- Right to counsel [1098]
- Right to trial by jury [1109]
- Self-incrimination: forced confessions [1111]
- Unreasonable searches and seizures [1121]
- Conviction based on perjured testimony [1124]
- Confrontation: presence of the accused; public trial [1126]
- Trial by impartial tribunal [1131]
- Other attributes of a fair trial [1132]
- Excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishment, sentence [1133]
- Double jeopardy [1135]
- Rights of prisoners [1137]
- Access to the courts [1137]
- Appeals: corrective process [1137]
- Due process: miscellaneous [1139]
- Appeals [1139]
- Federal review of State procedure [1140]
- Equal protection of the laws [1141]
- Definition of terms [1141]
- What constitutes State action [1141]
- "Persons" [1142]
- "Within its jurisdiction" [1143]
- "Equal protection of the laws" [1144]
- Legislative classifications [1145]
- Taxation [1146]
- Classifications for the purpose of taxation [1147]
- Foreign corporations [1149]
- Income taxes [1150]
- Inheritance taxes [1150]
- Motor vehicle taxes [1151]
- Poll taxes [1152]
- Property taxes [1152]
- Special assessment [1152]
- Police power [1153]
- Classification [1153]
- Administrative discretion [1157]
- Alien laws [1157]
- Labor relations [1158]
- Monopolies [1160]
- Punishment for crime [1160]
- Segregation [1161]
- Political rights [1163]
- Procedure [1165]
- General doctrine [1165]
- Access to courts [1166]
- Corporations [1166]
- Expenses of litigation [1167]
- Selection of jury [1167]
- Section 2. Apportionment of representation [1170]
- In general [1171]
- "Indians not taxed" [1171]
- Right to vote [1172]
- Reduction of State's representation [1172]
- Section 3. Disqualification of officers [1173]
- In general [1173]
- Section 4. Public debt, etc. [1174]
- Section 5. Enforcement [1175]
- Scope of the provision [1175]