3. Act of March 6, 1820 (3 Stat. 548, sec. 8, proviso).
The Missouri Compromise, prohibiting slavery within the Louisiana Territory north of 36° 30', except Missouri, held not warranted as a regulation of Territory belonging to the United States under article IV, section 3, clause 2 (and see [Fifth Amendment]).
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 Howard 393 (March 6, 1857).
4. Act of February 25, 1862 (12 Stat. 345, sec. 1); July 11, 1862 (12 Stat. 532, sec. 1); March 3, 1863 (12 Stat. 711, sec. 3), each in part only.
"Legal tender clauses", making noninterest-bearing United States notes legal tender in payment of "all debts, public and private", so far as applied to debts contracted before passage of the act, held not within express or implied powers of Congress under article I, section 8, and inconsistent with article I, section 10, and Fifth Amendment.
Hepburn v. Griswold, 8 Wallace 603 (February 7, 1870); overruled in Knox v. Lee (Legal Tender cases), 12 Wallace 457 (May 1, 1871).
5. Act of March 3, 1863 (12 Stat. 756, ch. 81, sec. 5).
"So much of the fifth section * * * as provides for the removal of a judgment in a State court, and in which the cause was tried by a jury to the circuit court of the United States for a retrial on the facts and law, is not in pursuance of the Constitution, and is void" under the Seventh Amendment.
The Justices v. Murray, 9 Wallace 274 (March 14, 1870).