| Initial | Welsh. | Irish. | Scotch Gaelic. | ||||
| Consonants. | Eclipsis. | Aspiration. | Nasal. | Eclipsis. | Aspiration. | Eclipsis. | Aspiration. |
| P | B | Ph | Mh | B | Ph | Ph | |
| C | G | Ch | Ngh | G | Ch | W | Ch |
| T | D | Th | Nh | D | Th | a | Th |
| B | M | Bh or F | M | Bh | n | Bh | |
| G | NG | — | NG | Gh | t | Gh | |
| D | N | Dd or Dh | N | Dh | i | Dh | |
| Ll | L | L | n | L | |||
| M | Mh or F | Mh | g | Mh | |||
| Rh | R | R | . | R | |||
| F | Bh | Fh | Fh | ||||
| S | T | Sh | T | Sh | |||
2. In Irish, words beginning with A may take the digamma F, as aill, faill, a rock; ata, fata, a plain; iolair, fiolair, an eagle, etc. The digamma never appears in Scotch Gaelic.
3. The vowel sounds O and U in Irish, pass into A in Scotch Gaelic; as, oir, Ir., air, Sc. G.; og, Ir., ag, Sc. G.; ugadh, Ir., achadh, Sc. G.; chuaidh, Ir., chaidh, Sc. G.
4. The vowel at the end of nouns in Irish, is dropped in Scotch Gaelic; as, tigherna, Ir., tighearn, Sc. G.
5. In the consonants the older form is often retained in Scotch Gaelic; thus, the initial S in Irish, is often D in Scotch Gaelic, which is the older form, as suil, Ir., duil, Sc. G.,—hope. S is sometimes changed to P, as siuthar, Ir., piuthar, Sc. G.,—sister.
6. The accentuation in Scotch Gaelic in dissyllables is on the first syllable; in Irish, on the last.
Grammar.
1. Article.
The genitive plural before a labial is nam.
2. Noun.