Ordo servetur vt vltima multiplicandi
Ponatur super anteriorem multiplicantis
A leua relique sint scripte multiplicantes.
Four things to be known of Multiplication: ¶ Here be-gynnes þe Chaptre of multiplicatioɳ, in þe quych þou most know 4 thynges. ¶ Ffirst, qwat is multiplicacioɳ. The secunde, how mony cases may hap in multiplicacioɳ. The thryde, how mony rewes of figures þere most be. ¶ The 4. what is þe profet of þis craft. the first: ¶ As for þe first, þou schal vnderstonde þat multiplicacioɳ is a bryngynge to-geder of 2 thynges in on nombur, þe quych on nombur [contynes] so mony tymes on, howe leaf 153 b. *mony tymes þere ben vnytees in þe nowmbre of þat 2, as twyes 4 is 8. now here ben þe 2 nombers, of þe quych too nowmbres on is betokened be an aduerbe, þe quych is þe worde twyes, & þis worde thryes, & þis worde foure [sythes],[9] & so furth of such other lyke wordes. ¶ And tweyn nombres schal be tokenyde be a nowne, as þis worde foure showys þes tweyɳ nombres [y-broth] in-to on hole nombur, þat is 8, for twyes 4 is 8, as þou wost wel. ¶ And þes nombre 8 conteynes as oft tymes 4 as þere ben vnites in þat other nombre, þe quych is 2, for in 2 ben 2 vnites, & so oft tymes 4 ben in 8, as þou wottys wel. the second: ¶ ffor þe secunde, þou most know þat þou most haue too rewes of figures. the third: ¶ As for þe thryde, þou most know þat 8 maner of diuerse case may happe in þis craft. the fourth. The profet of þis Craft is to telle when a nombre is multiplyed be a noþer, qwat commys þere of. ¶ fforthermore, as to þe sentence of oure verse, yf þou wel multiply a nombur be a-noþer nombur, þou schalt write leaf 154 a. *a rewe of figures of what nomburs so euer þou welt, The multiplicand. & þat schal be called Numerus multiplicandus, Anglice, þe nombur the quych to be multiplied. þen þou schalt write a-nother rewe of figures, by þe quych þou schalt multiplie the nombre þat is to be multiplied, of þe quych nombur þe furst figure schal be write vnder þe last figure of þe nombur, þe quych is to be multiplied. How to set down the sum. And so write forthe toward þe lyft side, as here you may se, 67324
1234 And þis one nombur schalle be called numerus multiplicans. Anglice, þe nombur multipliynge, for he schalle multiply þe hyer nounbur, as þus one tyme 6. And so forth, as I schal telle the afterwarde. And þou schal begyn in þe lyft side. Two sorts of Multiplication: mentally, ¶ ffor-þere-more þou schalt vndurstonde þat þere is two manurs of multiplicacioɳ; one ys of þe wyrchynge of þe boke only in þe mynde of a mon. fyrst he teches of þe fyrst maner of duplacioɳ, þe quych is be wyrchynge of tabuls. and on paper. Afterwarde he wol teche on þe secunde maner. vnde versus.
To multiply one Digit by another.
In digitum cures digitum si ducere maior
* Per quantum distat a denis respice debes
¶ Namque suo decuplo totiens delere minorem
Sitque tibi numerus veniens exinde patebit.
How to multiply two digits. ¶ Here he teches a rewle, how þou schalt fynde þe nounbre þat comes by þe multiplicacioɳ of a digit be anoþer. loke how mony [vny]tes ben. bytwene þe more digit and 10. And reken ten for on vnite. Subtract the greater from ten; And so oft do away þe lasse nounbre out of his owne [decuple], þat is to say, fro þat nounbre þat is ten tymes so mych is þe nounbre þat comes of þe multiplicacioɳ. As yf þou wol multiply 2 be 4. loke how mony vnitees ben by-twene þe quych is þe more nounbre, & be-twene ten. Certen þere wel be vj vnitees by-twene 4 & ten. yf þou reken þere with þe ten þe vnite, as þou may se. take the less so many times from ten times itself. so mony tymes take 2. out of his decuple, þe quych is 20. for 20 is þe decuple of 2, 10 is þe decuple of 1, 30 is þe decuple of 3, 40 is þe decuple of 4, And þe oþer digetes til þou come to ten; & whan þou Example. hast y-take so mony tymes 2 out of twenty, þe quych is sex tymes, þou schal leue 8 as þou wost wel, for 6 times 2 is twelue. take [1]2 out of twenty, & þere schal leue 8. bot yf bothe þe digettes leaf 155 a. *ben [y-lyech] mych as here. 222 or too tymes twenty, þen it is [no fors] quych of hem tweyn þou take out of here decuple. [als] mony Better use this table, though. tymes as þat is fro 10. but neuer-þe-lesse, yf þou haue [hast] to worch, þou schalt haue here a tabul of figures, where-by þou schalt se a-nonɳ ryght what is þe nounbre þat comes of þe multiplicacioɳ of 2 digittes. þus þou schalt worch in þis figure.