A portion of the story is preserved in Scandinavian ballads, with very distinct marks of Russian origin.
Swedish. ‘Jungfru Solfager,’ Arwidsson, I, 177, No 25: A from a MS. of the sixteenth century, B from recitation.
A. Solfager is a handsome woman, so handsome as to endanger her husband Sir David’s life. Fearing that she may be carried off, David in some way marks or stamps her hand with a gold cross, that she may be known thereby. As Solfager is standing at the castle gate, Novgorod’s (Nougård’s) king comes riding up. He asks if her husband is at home; Sir David went away the day before, and will not come back for a year. The king tells her that if she will plight herself to him she shall always wear gold shoes; Solfager answers that she loves David dearly. The king gives her a drink, two drinks; she swoons, and falls to the ground; she is laid on a bier, taken to the kirk-yard, and buried. The king (David in the text, absurdly) has kept his eye on their doings; he digs her up, and carries her out of the land. David, disguised as a pilgrim, goes to the king of Novgorod’s palace, and asks to be housed as a poor pilgrim. The king invites him in. David takes his place with other pilgrims; Solfager breaks bread for them. [Her hand is gloved.] David asks why she does not break bread with a bare hand; she calls him an old fool, and bids him eat or go. The king, from his bed, inquires what the pilgrim is saying. ‘Lie down, my lord,’ answers Solfager; ‘what a fool says is no matter.’ They all fall asleep in their places; Solfager follows Sir David home.
B. Solfot looks at her face in the water. ‘God help me for my beauty!’ she exclaims, ‘surely I shall come to a strange land.’ Her husband, the Danish king, tells her that he shall write a cross in her right hand, by which he shall find her again. While Solfot is combing her hair out of doors, the Ormeking asks her if she has a golden crown to put on it; she has four and five, all the gift of the king of the Danes. Ormeking gives her a drink which turns her black and blue; Solfot is laid in the ground; Ormeking knows well where, takes her up, carries her off to his own place, and gives her seven drinks; she stands up as good as ever. Daneking dons pilgrim’s clothes and goes to Ormeking’s. Solfot, as northern ladies wont, is combing her hair out of doors. Daneking asks for a pilgrim’s house; there is one on the premises, where poor pilgrims use (like King Claudius) to take their rouse. The pilgrims stand in a ring; Solfot is to dispense mead to them in turn. Daneking dashes his gloves on the board: ‘Is it not the way here that ladies deal mead with bare hands?’ Ormeking dashes his gloves on the board: ‘That was a bold word for a pilgrim!’ ‘If that was a bold word for a pilgrim,’ says Daneking, ‘it was bolder yet to dig Solfot out of the ground.’ Then he puts Solfot on his horse and rides away.
There are also two unprinted nineteenth-century copies in Professor G. Stephens’s collection.
Norwegian. ‘Sólfager og Ormekongin,’ Landstad, p. 503, No 56, from a woman’s singing. They stamp a gold cross on (or into? the process is not clear) Sólfager’s hand, that she may be recognized in a strange country. The Ormeking (or King Orm) comes riding while Sólfager is sunning her hair. ‘Trick King David,’ he says, ‘and bind yourself to me.’ ‘Never shall it be,’ she replies, ‘that I give myself to two brothers.’ He administers to her three potions, she swoons; word comes to King David that she is dead; they bury her. Ormeking does not fail to carry off the body. King David goes to Ormeking’s land in pilgrim’s garb, with pilgrim’s staff; as he enters the court Sólfager is undoing her hair. [Then there is a gap, which may be easily filled up from the Swedish story.] ‘Is it the custom here to cut bread with gloved hand?’ She takes off his pilgrim’s hat, and takes his yellow locks in her hand. ‘When you say you are a pilgrim, you must be lying to me.’ ‘Even so,’ he answers, ‘but I am your dear husband, as you easily may see. Will you go home with me?’ ‘Gladly,’ she says, ‘but I am afraid of Ormeking.’ King David takes Ormeking’s horse and rides home with his wife. When Ormeking comes back, Sólfager is away. (A final stanza does not belong to the story.)
There are other unprinted copies which will appear in a contemplated edition of Norwegian ballads by Sophus Bugge and Moltke Moe.
Danish. Eight unprinted MS. copies of the seventeenth century and a flying sheet of the date 1719. The ballad will be No 472 of Danmarks gamle Folkeviser.[14] A fragment of five stanzas (of dialogue relative to the gloved hand) is given by Kristensen, Jyske Folkeminder, X, 331, No 82.
It will be observed that the ravisher is king of Novgorod in Swedish A, as in one of the Russian epics, and that he is the brother of King David in the Norwegian ballad as he is of King Solomon in the Russian prose tale. The sleeping-draught, burial, and digging up are in the Servian tale, and something of them in the Little Russian tale, as also in the earlier German poem.
For the boon of blowing the horn see No 123, ‘Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar,’ and No 140, ‘Robin Hood rescuing Three Squires,’ III, 122, 177, ff.; also Heiðreks Saga, Rafn, Fornaldar Sögur, I, 458-61 (14), 529 f. (9); Vesselofsky, in the Slavic Archiv, VI, 404 f.; and Wollner’s note, Abschiedblasen, Brugman’s Litauische Märchen, p. 552.