The PRESENT PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ends in ANTA—Iranta, going. In the Passive voice in ATA—Farata, being done.
PAST PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ends in INTA—Irinta, having gone. In the Passive voice in ITA—Farita, having been done.
FUTURE PARTICIPLE ACTIVE ends in ONTA—Ironta, about to go. In the Passive voice in OTA—Farota, about to be done.
ADVERBS end in E—Bone, well. Bele, beautifully.
1. The DEFINITE ARTICLE is invariably LA in all cases singular and plural. La Patroj, the Fathers.
2. There is no indefinite article in Esperanto. Patro, a Father; or merely Father, as the case may be.
3. "NOT" is expressed by "NE." Mi ne havas amikon, I have not a friend.
4. Questions are introduced by "Ĉu." Ĉu mi ne havas amikon? Have I not a friend?
5. ESTI, to be, is the auxiliary verb in Esperanto. Havi, to have, is never an auxiliary.