427. Mitylene reduced; Athens becomes master of Lesbos. Platæa, the ally of Athens, after being besieged, surrenders to the Peloponnesians and is destroyed.
Attica again invaded.
425. Agis begins the fifth invasion of Attica; he retires on learning that the Athenians under Cleon had taken Pylos and Sapachteria.
Mount Æetna in eruption.
On the death of Artaxerxes I, his son, Xerxes II, succeeds him as ruler of Persia; he reigns only forty-five days, being slain by his brother Sogdianus, who usurps the throne.
424. The island of Cythera taken by the Athenians. Brasidas, the Spartan general, captures Amphipolis, defeating Thucydides.
Ochus (Darius Nothus) rids himself of Sogdianus and succeeds him on the Persian throne.
423. The Athenians banish Thucydides for having suffered Amphipolis to be taken.
422. The Athenians send Cleon to recover Amphipolis; he is defeated by Brasidas; both fall in the battle.
421. Peace of Nicias between Sparta and Athens. End of the first period of the Peloponnesian War.