196. Byzantium falls before Severus.
197. Albinus in Gaul is crushed by Severus.
198. Septimus Severus proceeds against the Parthians; he besieges and captures Ctesiphon.
208. Successful campaign of Severus against the Caledonians in Britain and Caledonia.
211. Death of Septimus Severus at York; his sons Caracalla and Geta succeed him.
212. Caracalla slays his brother Geta.
213. Caracalla, universally detested for his cruelties, goes into Gaul and assumes the surname of Germanicus. He leads the first attack of the Romans against the Alemanni.
215. Having proceeded through Dacia, Thrace, and Antioch to Alexandria, Caracalla orders a massacre of the Egyptians.
216. By a delusive offer of marriage with the daughter of Artabanus, Caracalla decoys the Parthians into his camp, where he treacherously attacks and slays a great number of them.
217. Caracalla is assassinated; Macrinus is proclaimed emperor; he purchases peace with the Parthians. Julia Domna, the mother of Caracalla and Geta, being banished to Antioch, starves herself to death.