651. Death of Yezdejerd and end of the Persian kingdom.
652. Conversion of the East Saxons in England.
653. Pope Martin I is seized and banished by Constans II.
654. Martin, in Constantinople, is stripped of his pontifical robes and imprisoned; after long hesitation Eugenius is elected pope in his stead.
656. Assassination of Caliph Othman; Ali succeeds; Moawiyah revolts against him; he is supported by Ayesha the widow of Mahomet, Amru, Telhar, and Zobeir. These dissensions suspend the conquests of the Saracens. Ali is victorious on "the Day of the Camel"; Telhar and Zobeir are slain; Ayesha is made prisoner and sent to Medina.
657. Kufa is made the seat of government by Caliph Ali.
658. Constans takes the field against the Slavonians and repulses them.
Amru is sent by Moawiyah into Egypt and expels Ali's partisans. The two caliphs publicly pray for each other while waging fierce war.
660. Ali is assassinated; Hasan, his eldest son, is elected caliph.
661. Hasan resigns the caliphate; Moawiyah, the first of the Ommiads, becomes undisputed ruler of the Moslems; he makes Damascus his capital.