812. Civil war ensues between the sons of Harun-al-Rashid, who had died three years previously.
813. Constantinople menaced by the Bulgarian khan Krumn.
814. Death of Charlemagne; Louis le Débonnaire, his only surviving son, succeeds.
815. Louis exacts an apology from Pope Leo for having exercised civil judicial power at Rome.
817. Partition of the Frankish empire by Louis le Débonnaire.
826. Harold of South Jutland baptized; he receives from Louis a grant of land in Friesland.
827. The Saxon heptarchy founded by Egbert, King of Wessex. See [EGBERT BECOMES KING OF THE ANGLO-SAXON HEPTARCHY], iv, 372.
Beginning of the Saracen conquest of Sicily.
828. Syracuse and a great part of Catalonia captured by the Saracens.
829. North Wales submits to Egbert. Dungallo, a monk who had written a book in defence of image-worship, is placed over the school of Pavia.