[9] See [The Hegira].

[10] See [The Saracen Conquest of Syria].

[11] See [Saracens Conquer Egypt].

[12] See [Saracens in Spain].

[13] See [Battle of Tours].

[14] See [Evolution of the Dogeship in Venice].

[15] See [Founding of the Carlovingian Dynasty].

[16] See [Career of Charlemagne].

[17] See [Egbert Becomes King of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy].