Henry II divides England into six circuits, through which he sends justices twice a year to administer the law in each county.
1178. A fleet is sent by the King of Sicily to assist the Christians in Palestine.
1179. Eleventh general council, Third of the Lateran, declares that the true pope must be elected by two-thirds of the cardinals; one of its canons condemns the Waldenses, and their translation of their Bible is suppressed.
1180. Death of Louis VII; his son Philip Augustus succeeds to the French throne.
Henry the Lion, placed under the ban of the empire, has his Bavarian domains sequestered and his Saxon kingdom partitioned.
About this time the Gothic style of architecture is introduced.
1182. France expels the Jews.
1183. Lombard cities secure their freedom. See "THE PEACE OF CONSTANCE," vi, 28.
Baldwin IV, disabled by leprosy, resigns the crown of Jerusalem to his nephew, Baldwin V.
Saladin takes Damascus, Aleppo, and Mosul, and sets aside the Turkish
Sultan.