Battle of Gisors, France; Richard Coeur de Lion defeats the French; his war-cry, "Dieu et mon droit" later became the motto to the arms of England.
1199. Richard Coeur de Lion is slain while contesting with one of his
French vassals. John usurps the throne of England to the exclusion of
Prince Arthur. See "PHILIP OF FRANCE WINS THE FRENCH DOMAINS
OF THE ENGLISH KINGS," vi, 86.
A quarrel between Parma and Placentia inflames a general war among the cities of Lombardy.
1200. King John and Philip Augustus, the latter forsaking Arthur's cause, come to terms.
Pope Innocent III compels Philip Augustus to take back his queen, whom he had divorced.
1201. Fourth Crusade undertaken by Baldwin of Flanders, Simon de Montfort, and Boniface of Montserrat; treaty of the nobles of France and Flanders with Venice.
Chartering of the University of Paris, by Philip.
1202. Venice secures the help of the crusaders by agreeing to transport them to Palestine, in place of a part of the payment, in the conquest of the city of Zara, then in rebellion.
Prince Arthur made prisoner by his uncle, King John, who murders him. See "PHILIP OF FRANCE WINS THE FRENCH DOMAINS OF THE ENGLISH KINGS," vi, 86.
1203. Constantinople attacked and taken by the Venetians and crusaders, who restore the emperor Isaac Angelus.