Edward I subdues Wales as far as Snowdon. See "EDWARD I CONQUERS
WALES," vi, 316.
1278. Prussia submits to the Teutonic Knights.
Ghibellines allowed to return to Florence.
Rudolph defeats Ottocar II at Marchfeld; he is slain. See "FOUNDING OF
THE HOUSE OF HAPSBURG," vi, 298.
1279. Edward I, of England, gives up Normandy to Philip III of France. The English Parliament passes the first statute of mortmain; it forbids the alienation in mortmain of real property to religious houses or other corporations.
1280. Kublai Khan, grandson of Ghengis Khan, completes the Mongol conquest of China.
1281. Tartars attempt the conquest of Japan. See "JAPANESE REPEL THE TARTARS," vi, 327.
A vacancy of six months in the papal chair; Martin IV ultimately elected pope.
Edward I further extends his conquest in Wales. See "EDWARD I
CONQUERS WALES," vi, 316.
1282. Rudolph of Hapsburg invests his sons, Albert and Rudolph, with the duchies of Austria, Styria, and Carniola, founding the house of Austria. See "FOUNDING OF THE HOUSE OF HAPSBURG," vi, 298.