A great victory achieved by the Swiss over the Austrians, under Leopold (brother of Frederick the Handsome) at Morgarten.
1316. Edward Bruce crowned king of Ireland.
Establishment of the Salic law excluding females and their descendants from the throne of France.
A predominance of French cardinals, created by Pope Clement V, secures the election of another French pope, and the continuance of the papal see at Avignon. The new pope, John XXII, appoints eight more cardinals, of whom seven are French.
1317. Birger, King of the Swedes, murders his two brothers and causes a rebellion of his people.
1318. Battle of Dundalk; Edward Bruce defeated and slain by Lord Birmingham; end of the war in Ireland.
Giotto, a friend of Dante, famous in Italy; he was the first painter of portraits from life.
1319. Pope John XXII excommunicates Robert Bruce of Scotland; the Scotch Parliament resists all papal interference in its affairs.
1320.[87] The Old English poem Cursor Mundi composed. It was founded on Cædmon's paraphrase of the book of Genesis.
1321. Death of Dante while in exile at Ravenna.