1550. Promulgation against the heretics in the Netherlands by Charles; the hateful Inquisition established there.
Peace between England and France; Boulogne restored to the latter.
Publication of his Lives of the Painters, by Giorgio Vasari.
1551. After a long siege Magdeburg is taken by Maurice of Saxony.
Turkish ravages on the coast of Sicily; an attack on Malta fails; Tripoli surrenders to them.
Palestrina, the first to reconcile musical science with musical art, made maestro di capella by Pope Julius III.
1552. Adoption of the Forty-two Articles of the Church of England; these were afterward reduced to Thirty-nine.
Alliance of Maurice of Saxony with France; they make war on Charles V, on behalf of the Protestants. The Peace of Passau follows. See "Collapse of the Power of Charles V," ix, 337 and 348.
Seizure of the bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun by Henry II of France. See "Collapse of the Power of Charles V," ix, 337.
Subjugation of the Tartars of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible of Russia.