Madras, India, settled by the English.
Portugal recovers independence; John, Duke of Braganza, proclaimed king as John IV.
1641. Archbishop Laud committed to the Tower of London; execution of Strafford. See "Abolition of the Court of Star-chamber," ix, [215].
Alleged massacre of Protestants in a rising of Catholics in Ireland.
The title of Roundheads given to the popular party in England.
1642. Conspiracy of Cinq Mars in France; he and De Thou are executed.
Revolt against Charles I in England. He raises his standard at Nottingham.
Battle of Breitenfeld; the Swedes are victorious.
Condemnation of Jansen's work on the doctrine of Augustine, by Pope Urban VIII.
Tasman, the Dutch navigator, discovers Tasmania (Van Diemen's Land) and New Zealand.