- "BATTLES OF MAGENTA AND SOLFERINO."
- Lombardy added to the Italian Kingdom; Venice remains Austrian.
1860 - Garibaldi and his "Thousand" attack the Neapolitans in
Sicily; they capture Naples. Victor Emmanuel seizes the States of the Church. See "THE KINGDOM OF ITALY ESTABLISHED."
1860 - French and English troops seize Peking and dictate peace terms.
- Election of Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, as
President of the United States. South Carolina secedes from the
Union.