201 Severus recruits the population of Tyre and gives it a colonial title. Tyre and Berytus enjoy the monopoly of producing that dye known as the imperial purple. As part of the second Syrian province of Rome, their prosperity 616 increases until the Persian king, Chosroes II, subjugates Syria (including Phœnicia) and rules it until 622 when the Byzantine emperor regains control.
636 Battle of the Hieromax. As a result the Emperor Heraclius abandons Syria to the Mohammedans.
FIFTH PERIOD (633-1516 A.D.)
Under the rule of the caliphs Phœnician civilisation suffers no decay. Tyre maintains its commercial importance.
1100-1110 Baldwin and the Crusaders capture all the Phœnician cities except Tyre.
1111 Siege of Tyre begun by Baldwin. He abandons it during the winter.
1124 Siege and capture of Tyre by the Crusaders.
1187 Saladin overthrows the kingdom of Jerusalem.
Tyre begins a heroic defence against him.