| VOLUME II |
| [PART IV. ISRAEL] |
| PAGE |
| [Introductory Essay. Israel as a World Influence.] By Bernhard Stade | [1] |
| [A Critical Survey of the Scope and Sources of Israelitic History to the Destruction of Jerusalem] | [4] |
| [Hebrew History in Outline (1180 B.C.-70 A.D.)] | [30] |
| CHAPTER I |
| [Land and People] | [45] |
| The land, [46]. The people, [48]. |
| CHAPTER II |
| [Origin and Early History (2300-1200 B.C.)] | [56] |
| The age of the patriarchs, [57]. Early movements of the Israelites, [57]. The Egyptian sojourn, [58]. Biblical account of Moses and the Exodus, [61]. Israel’s early neighbours, [63]. The conquest of Canaan, [66]. |
| CHAPTER III |
| [The Judges (1200-1020 B.C.)] | [72] |
| CHAPTER IV |
| [Samuel and Saul (1020 B.C.-1002 B.C.)] | [77] |
| Samuel and Saul, [78]. The rise of David, [79]. David in revolt against Saul, [80]. The death of Saul and the struggle for the succession, [83]. David secures the crown, [85]. |
| CHAPTER V |
| [David’s Reign (1002-970 B.C.)] | [86] |
| David’s greatness in time of peace, [89]. Further wars break out, [91]. David and Absalom, [93]. Renan’s estimate of David, [98]. |
| CHAPTER VI |
| [Solomon in his Glory (970-930 B.C.)] | [99] |
| The early years of Solomon’s reign, [100]. |
| CHAPTER VII |
| [Decay and Captivity (930-586 B.C.)] | [106] |
| The schism of the Ten Tribes, [106]. The Moabite stone, [109]. Destruction of the two kingdoms, [113]. The Babylonian Captivity, [118]. |
| CHAPTER VIII |
| [The Return from Captivity (586-415 B.C.)] | [122] |
| The prophecy of the return, [122]. The condition of the exiles, [125]. The coming of Cyrus, [126]. The return to Jerusalem, [127]. The walls upraised again, [130]. |
| CHAPTER IX |
| [From Nehemiah to Antiochus (415-166 B.C.)] | [133] |
| Under Persian rule, [133]. Persian influences on Jewish religion, [134]. Alexander the Great, [134]. Under the Seleucids, [135]. The Syrian dominion; Antiochus the Great, [138]. Antiochus Epiphanes, [139]. Jason and Antiochus torment the people, [140]. |
| CHAPTER X |
| [The Maccabæan War (166-142 B.C.)] | [147] |
| Independence, [156]. |
| CHAPTER XI |
| [From the Maccabees to the Romans (135-4 B.C.)] | [159] |
| The warring sects, [160]. Antipater, [163]. Herod, [164]. |
| CHAPTER XII |
| [The Rise of Christianity (4 B.C.-62 A.D.)] | [168] |
| A critical view of Christ and other messiahs, [168]. The development of the messianic idea, [169]. |
| CHAPTER XIII |
| [The Revolt against Rome (62-68 A.D.)] | [177] |
| The defence of Jotapata described by Josephus, [180]. |
| CHAPTER XIV |
| [The Fall of Jerusalem (68-73 A.D.)] | [190] |
| Josephus’ account of the famine, [193]. The close of Jewish history, [199]. |
| CHAPTER XV |
| [Hebrew Civilisation] | [203] |
| The life and customs of the Israelites, [205]. Hebrew art, architecture: the temple tombs, etc., [209]. |
| CHAPTER XVI |
| [The Prophets and the History of Semitic Style.] By Dr. D. H. Müller | [213] |
| [Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters] | [227] |
| [A General Bibliography of the History of Israel] | [229] |
| [PART V. PHŒNICIA] |
| [Introductory Essay. Individuality of Phœnician History, and Origin of the Name.] By Richard Pietschmann | [243] |
| [Phœnician History in Outline (3800 B.C.-1516 A.D.)] | [246] |
| [Carthaginian History in Outline (813 B.C.-697 A.D.)] | [251] |
| CHAPTER I |
| [Land and People] | [255] |
| Origin of the Phœnicians, [259]. |
| CHAPTER II |
| [Early History and Influences] | [263] |
| Beginnings of the history and civilisation of Phœnicia, [263]. The colonies, [270]. Voyages and trading-stations, [274]. |
| CHAPTER III |
| [The Phœnician Time of Power (980-532 B.C.)] | [279] |
| The reign of Hiram I, [279]. The successors of Hiram, [283]. |
| CHAPTER IV |
| [Phœnicia under the Persians (525-323 B.C.)] | [289] |
| CHAPTER V |
| [Phœnicia under the Greeks, the Romans, and the Saracens (301 B.C.-1516 A.D.)] | [301] |
| CHAPTER VI |
| [The Story of Carthage (813 B.C.-697 A.D.)] | [308] |
| The site and early history of Carthage, [310]. Mommsen’s account of Carthage, [312]. War in Sicily between Rome and Carthage, [319]. Rome and Carthage, [321]. Last days of Carthage, [325]. |
| CHAPTER VII |
| [Phœnician Commerce] | [329] |
| Sea trade, [330]. Manufactures and land trade of the Phœnicians, [334]. Silver and gold in antiquity as money, [339]. The slave trade of Phœnicia, [342]. |
| CHAPTER VIII |
| [Phœnician Civilisation] | [346] |
| The Phœnicians and the alphabet, [347]. Manners and customs; religion, [348]. Culture; art, [352]. The Phœnician influence on history, [353]. |
| APPENDIX A |
| [Classical Traditions] | [356] |
| “The voyage of Hanno, beyond the pillars of Hercules, which he deposited in the temple of Saturn,” [356]. Himilco’s voyage of discovery, [358]. Pomponius Mela on the Phœnicians, [359]. Appianus Alexandrinus on the founding of Carthage by Dido, [360]. |
| [Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters] | [361] |
| [A General Bibliography of Phœnician History] | [363] |
| [PART VI. WESTERN ASIA] |
| [Introductory Essay. The Position of Asia Minor in History.] By William J. Hamilton | [373] |
| [History in Outline of the Minor Kingdoms of Western Asia (1528-546 B.C.)] | [380] |
| CHAPTER I |
| [The Hittites] | [391] |
| Recent Hittite research, [393]. The Hittites and the Egyptians, [394]. The Hittites and the Hebrews, [395]. Hittite art, [396]. Hittite monuments in Asia Minor, [397]. |
| CHAPTER II |
| [Scythians and Cimmerians] | [400] |
| The Scythians, [400]. Scythian influences in Asia Minor, [400]. Scythian movements, [401]. Herodotus on the customs of the Scythians, [404]. The Cimmerians, [410]. |
| CHAPTER III |
| [Some Peoples of Syria, Asia Minor, and Armenia] | [413] |
| The Aramæans, [413]. Phrygia, [413]. The Cappadocians, [415]. The Cilicians, [416]. Pamphylia and Pisidia, [416]. The Carians, [417]. The Lycians, [417]. The Mysians, [419]. The Bithynians and the Paphlagonians, [419]. Armenia, [420]. |
| CHAPTER IV |
| [The Lydians] | [421] |
| The land, [422]. The people, [423]. Sardis and the name of Asia, [424]. Early history of Lydia, [426]. Ardys, [427]. Early dynasties, [429]. Gyges, [430]. The triumph of Persia, [431]. Lydian civilisation, [433]. A picture of life in Lydia, [434]. |
| APPENDIX A |
| [Classical Traditions] | [438] |
| Justin’s account of the Scythians and the Amazons, [438]. Pomponius Mela on the Scythians and other tribes, [441]. Diodorus on the Amazons and the Hyperboreans, [444]. Herodotus on the legendary Gyges, [446]. The story of Crœsus as told by Herodotus, [448]. Crœsus and Solon, [449]. The vision of Crœsus, [451]. Crœsus loses his son, [453]. Crœsus consults the oracles, [454]. The reply of the oracles, [455]. Crœsus makes an alliance with Sparta, [456]. Crœsus invades Cappadocia, [457]. Crœsus in conflict with Cyrus, [458]. The siege of Sardis, [460]. The fate of Crœsus, [460]. |
| [Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters] | [464] |
| [A General Bibliography of the History of the Minor Nations of Western Asia] | [465] |
| [PART VII. ANCIENT INDIA] |
| [Indian History in Outline (2000 B.C.-1556 A.D.)] | [475] |
| Græco-Bactrian dominion in the Indus region, [480]. |
| CHAPTER I |
| [Land and People] | [482] |
| The land, [484]. The early peoples of India, [488]. |
| CHAPTER II |
| [Indian History—Legend and Reality] | [493] |
| Chronology and ancient history of the Hindus, [493]. The authority of the Vedas, [496]. Monumental records, [496]. Legends of the early heroes, [498]. An inscription of Asoka, [499]. Traditional kings, [500]. Brahmanic learning, [501]. The epochs of Indian history, [502]. Vedic period, [503]. The Buddhist period, [503]. Chandra Gupta, [504]. Twelve centuries of obscurity, [505]. |
| CHAPTER III |
| [Manners and Customs of the Ancient Hindus] | [508] |
| Division and employment of classes, [508]. The property of the Brahman, [510]. The despised Sudra, [511]. Mixture of classes, [513]. The administration of justice, [515]. Criminal law, [516]. Civil law, [517]. Hindu commerce, [519]. Precious metals, [520]. Coinage; precious stones; weaving, [520]. Intoxicants; spices; perfumery, [521]. Commercial routes, [523]. |
| CHAPTER IV |
| [Brahmanism and Buddhism] | [525] |
| The origin and development of Brahmanism, [525]. The Vedas, [529]. Soul transmigration, [533]. Buddhism, [535]. Disappearance of Buddhism in India, [538]. New light on Buddhism, [542]. The actual piety of the Hindus and the Hindu separation of religion from fine morals, [545]. |
| [Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters] | [549] |
| [A General Bibliography of Indian History] | [550] |
| [PART VIII. ANCIENT PERSIA] |
| [Persian History in Outline (700-330 B.C.)] | [559] |
| CHAPTER I |
| [Land and People] | [565] |
| Racial and dynastic origins, [567]. The land, [568]. The people, [569]. Character of the empire of the Achæmenides, [570]. |
| CHAPTER II |
| [The Median or Scythian Empire (700-550 B.C.)] | [573] |
| The rise and fall of the Median Empire according to Herodotus, [573]. The Median Empire: a modern interpretation, [580]. New light on the Medes, [583]. |
| CHAPTER III |
| [The Early Achæmenians and the Elamites, Cyrus and Cambyses (836-522 B.C.)] | [587] |
| The death of Cyrus, [593]. Character and influence of Cyrus, [596]. Xenophon’s estimate of Cyrus, [596]. A modern estimate of the character and importance of Cyrus, [597]. Cambyses, [600]. |
| CHAPTER IV |
| [The Persian Dynasty: Darius I to Darius III (521-330 B.C.)] | [605] |
| Darius I, [605]. Organisation of Darius’ empire, [607]. Later conquests of Darius, [609]. Affairs in Egypt since the Persian conquest, [611]. Xerxes I, [614]. The successors of Xerxes, [615]. Darius II, [618]. Artaxerxes II, [619]. Artaxerxes III, [626]. The fall of the empire, [630]. The old Orient at the end of the Persian Empire, [631]. |
| CHAPTER V |
| [Persian Civilisation] | [634] |
| Religion and social orders, [635]. Organisation of the Persian court, [641]. Administration of the provinces; financial system; satraps, [645]. Military methods, [652]. The fine arts, [657]. |
| [Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters] | [662] |
| [A General Bibliography of Persian History] | [663] |