63 Pompey, appealed to by both princes, captures Jerusalem; Hyrcanus retains his title, but Judea is made tributary to Rome.
47 Antipater made procurator of Judea, Samaria, and Galilee by Julius Cæsar. Hyrcanus assumes title of ethnarch.
43 Assassination of Antipater. His son Phasael is governor of Jerusalem. His son Herod is governor of Galilee.
40 Phasael captured by Antigonus, son of Aristobulus II, and commits suicide. Herod flees to Rome and is made king of the Jews.
37 Herod captures Jerusalem in his war against Antigonus.
He reorganises the sanhedrim, and the Pharisees become nearly as numerous in it as the priests and elders.
35-25 Herod removes the surviving members of the Asmonæan family from his path.
20 Herod begins reconstruction of the temple. He founds the cities of Antipatris and Cæsarea.
7-6 Herod causes the sons of Mariamne to be condemned and strangled.
4 Birth of Jesus—Death of Herod. He wills his dominions to his surviving sons, Herod Antipas and Archelaus.