| VOLUME V |
| ROME |
| PAGE |
| INTRODUCTORY ESSAYS |
| [The World Influence of Early Rome.] By Dr. Eduard Meyer | [1] |
| [The Scope and Development of Early Roman History.] By Dr. Wilhelm Soltau | [11] |
| [BOOK I.—EARLY ROMAN HISTORY TO THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC] |
| [Introduction] | [25] |
| CHAPTER I |
| [Land and People] | [43] |
| The land of Italy, [44]. Early population of Italy, [48]. Beginnings of Rome and the primitive Roman commonwealth, [51]. |
| CHAPTER II |
| [Early Legends of Rome—Æneas and Romulus (ca. 753-716 B.C.)] | [58] |
| The Æneas legend, [59]. The Ascanius legend, [60]. The legend of Romulus and Remus, [61]. The rape of the Sabines, [63]. A critical study of the legends, [66]. Explanation of the Æneas legend, [69]. The Romulus legend examined, [70]. |
| CHAPTER III |
| [Legendary History of the Kings (ca. 716-510 B.C.)] | [75] |
| Numa Pompilius, [75]. Tullus Hostilius, [76]. The combat of the Horatii and the Curiatii, [77]. Ancus Marcius, [79]. L. Tarquinius Priscus, [80]. Servius Tullius, [82]. Lucius Tarquinius the Tyrant, [83]. |
| CHAPTER IV |
| [The Banishment of the Kings—Criticisms of Monarchial History (ca. 510 B.C.)] | [85] |
| Tarquinius consults the oracle, [85]. The rape of Lucretia, [86]. Niebuhr on the story of Lucretia, [87]. The banishment of Tarquinius, [88]. Porsenna’s war upon the Romans; the story of Horatius at the bridge, as told by Dionysius, [90]. Caius Mucius and King Porsenna, [92]. Battle of Lake Regillus, [93]. The myths of the Roman kings critically examined, [95]. The historical value of the myths, [100]. |
| CHAPTER V |
| [Civilisation of the Regal Period (ca. 753-510 B.C.)] | [103] |
| Organisation of the state, [103]. The status of the monarchy, [105]. Religion, [107]. Constitution, [107]. The organisation of the army, [111]. Classes of foot soldiers, [112]. Popular institutions, [113]. The wealth of the Romans and its sources, [115]. Roman education, [117]. Morals and politics of the age, [118]. The fine arts, [119]. |
| CHAPTER VI |
| [The First Century of the Republic (510-391 B.C.)] | [121] |
| Plebeians and patricians, [123]. Spurius Cassius and the first Agrarian Law, [129]. The institution of the decemvirate, [131]. The story of Virginia told by Dionysius, [132]. Fall of the decemvirate, [138]. The Canuleian Law, [140]. External wars, [142]. Legends of the Volscian and Æquian wars, [145]. Coriolanus and the Volscians, [145]. Critical examination of the story of Coriolanus, [148]. Cincinnatus and the Æquians, [149]. Critical examination of the story of Cincinnatus, [151]. The Fabian Gens and the Veientines, [152]. |
| CHAPTER VII |
| [The Invasion of the Gauls and its Sequel (391-351 B.C.)] | [154] |
| The Gauls, [155]. Livy’s account of the Gauls in Rome, [156]. Other accounts of the departure of the Gauls, [165]. Niebuhr on the conduct of the Romans, [166]. Sequel of the Gallic War, [167]. The Licinian rogations, [170]. Equalisation of the two orders, [172]. External affairs, [175]. |
| CHAPTER VIII |
| [The Conquest of Central Italy (423-280 B.C.)] | [178] |
| The Samnites, [178]. The First Samnite War, [180]. The Latin War, [183]. The Second Samnite War, [186]. The Third Samnite and Etruscan wars, [194]. Lucanian, Gallic, and Etruscan wars, [199]. |
| CHAPTER IX |
| [The Completion of the Italian Conquest (281-265 B.C.)] | [201] |
| Pyrrhus in Italy, [203]. The final reduction of Italy, [209]. Government of the acquired territory, [210]. Prefectures; municipalities, [211]. Colonies; free and confederate states, [212]. |
| CHAPTER X |
| [The First Punic War (326-218 B.C.)] | [215] |
| Causes of the First Punic War, [217]. The war begins, [219]. First period, [219]. Second period, [221]. Polybius’ account of Roman affairs, [224]. Third period, [230]. Events between the First and Second Punic wars, [233]. Hamilcar and Hannibal, [237]. |
| CHAPTER XI |
| [First Half of the Second Punic War (218-211 B.C.)] | [241] |
| First period, [241]. Polybius’ account of the crossing of the Alps, [244]. Hannibal in Italy, [249]. Second period, [260]. |
| CHAPTER XII |
| [Close of the Second Punic War (210-202 B.C.)] | [269] |
| Third period, [269]. The death of Hasdrubal described by Polybius, [276]. Rejoicing at Rome; Nero’s inhumanity and triumph, [277]. The fourth and last period of the war, [278]. The character of Scipio, [278]. Scipio in Spain, [279]. Scipio returns to Rome, [283]. Scipio invades Africa, [284]. The battle of Zama described by Polybius, [287]. Terms dictated to Carthage; Scipio’s triumph, [292]. An estimate of Hannibal, [294]. |
| CHAPTER XIII |
| [The Macedonian and Syriac Wars and the Third Punic War (200-131 B.C.)] | [296] |
| The Macedonian War; war with Antiochus III, [296]. Affairs of Carthage, [304]. Outbreak of the Third Punic War, [305]. Appian’s account of the destruction of Carthage, [310]. The oration of Hasdrubal’s wife; Scipio’s moralising, [312]. Plundering the city, [313]. Sacrifices and the triumph, [314]. The Achæan War, [314]. Spanish wars: fall of Numantia, [317]. Florus on the fall of Numantia, [321]. First Slave War in Sicily, [322]. The war against the slaves, [325]. |
| CHAPTER XIV |
| [Civilisation at the End of the Period of Conquest] | [327] |
| Organisation of the government, [327]. The army, [329]. Polybius on Greek and Roman battle-orders, [329]. The senate, [332]. The centuriate assembly, [334]. The assembly of the tribes, [334]. Justice, [337]. Provincial government, [337]. Taxation, [338]. Social conditions: the aristocracy and the people, [340]. Slaves and freemen, [343]. The Roman family: women and marriage, [346]. Religion, [350]. Treatment of other nations, [355]. The fine arts, [355]. Literature, [358]. |
| CHAPTER XV |
| [The Gracchi and their Reforms (137-121 B.C.)] | [359] |
| Tiberius Gracchus, [359]. Return and death of Scipio the Younger, [366]. Caius Gracchus and his times, [371]. |
| CHAPTER XVI |
| [The Jugurthine and Other Wars (123-101 B.C.)] | [381] |
| The Jugurthine War, [383]. Sallust’s account of Jugurtha at Rome, [385]. A war of bribery, [387]. Metellus in command, [388]. Marius appears as commander, [389]. Plutarch on Jugurtha’s death, [391]. The Cimbrians and the Teutons, [392]. The Second Slave War, [399]. |
| CHAPTER XVII |
| [The Beginning of Civil Strife (102-88 B.C.)] | [401] |
| The sixth consulate of Marius, [402]. Claims of the Latins and Italians to the civitas, [405]. The Social War, [413]. Marius assumes the command, [415]. |
| CHAPTER XVIII |
| [Marius and Sulla (92-82 B.C.)] | [420] |
| The First Mithridatic War, [421]. The First Civil War, [422]. Ihne’s estimate of Marius, [431]. Sulla in Greece, [432]. The return of Sulla; and the Second Civil War, [434]. The proscriptions, [438]. |
| CHAPTER XIX |
| [The Dictatorship of Sulla (81-79 B.C.)] | [442] |
| Sulla’s legislation, [446]. Abdication of Sulla, [446]. Rome’s debt to Sulla, [448]. The Roman provinces, [450]. The career of Verres, [454]. |
| CHAPTER XX |
| [The Rise of Pompey (78-61 B.C.)] | [457] |
| Lepidus and Sertorius, [457]. The war of the Gladiators, [460]. The consulship of Pompey and Crassus, [461]. Pompey subdues the Cilician pirates, [464]. The Second and Third Mithridatic wars, [467]. The Armenian War, [469]. The end of Mithridates, [473]. Pompey in Jerusalem, [474]. |
| CHAPTER XXI |
| [The Conspiracy of Catiline (67-61 B.C.)] | [475] |
| Marcus Porcius Cato, [475]. Caius Julius Cæsar, [477]. L. Sergius Catilina and his times, [480]. The conspiracy, [483]. Cæsar and the conspiracy, [488]. The rise of Julius Cæsar, [494]. The return of Pompey, [497]. |
| CHAPTER XXII |
| [Cæsar and Pompey (60-50 B.C.)] | [501] |
| The first triumvirate, [501]. Clodius exiles Cicero, [504]. The recall of Cicero, [506]. Second consulate of Pompey and Crassus, [508]. The Parthian War of Crassus, [509]. Anarchy at Rome, [511]. Pompey sole consul, [513]. The Gallic wars, [514]. The battle with the Nervii, [516]. The sea fight with the Veneti, [520]. The massacre of the Germans, [522]. The Roman army meets the Britons, [523]. |
| CHAPTER XXIII |
| [Cæsar at War against Pompey (60-48 B.C.)] | [528] |
| The war between Cæsar and Pompey, [529]. Cæsar crosses the Rubicon, [532]. Cæsar’s serious position, [534]. Cæsar lord from Rome to Spain, [535]. Cæsar in Greece, [536]. Appian describes the battle of Dyrrhachium, [537]. Pharsalia, [541]. |
| CHAPTER XXIV |
| [From Pharsalia to the Death of Cato (48-46 B.C.)] | [544] |
| Cæsar in Egypt, [544]. The war with Pharnaces, [551]. Cæsar returns to Rome, [552]. The African War, [554]. Sallust’s comparison of Cæsar and Cato, [558]. |
| CHAPTER XXV |
| [The Closing Scenes of Cæsar’s Life (46-44 B.C.)] | [560] |
| The end of the African war, [560]. The return to Rome, [562]. Cæsar’s triumphs, [563]. The last campaign, [566]. The last triumph, [569]. Cæsar’s reforms, [572]. Cæsar’s life in Rome, [575]. Events leading to the conspiracy, [578]. The conspiracy, [579]. The assassination, [581]. Appian’s account of Cæsar’s last days, [583]. |
| CHAPTER XXVI |
| [The Personality and Character of Cæsar] | [588] |
| Appian compares Cæsar with Alexander, [599]. Mommsen’s estimate of Cæsar’s character, [602]. Mommsen’s estimate of Cæsar’s work, [607]. |
| CHAPTER XXVII |
| [The Last Days of the Republic (44-29 B.C.)] | [609] |
| Cæsar’s will and funeral, [610]. The acts of the young Octavius, [611]. The proscription, [617]. Death of Cicero, [619]. Brutus and Cassius, [621]. Philippi, [622]. Antony and Cleopatra, [624]. Antony meets with reverses, [625]. Octavian against Antony; the battle of Actium, [630]. Death of Antony and Cleopatra, [631]. An estimate of the personality of Antony, [633]. |
| CHAPTER XXVIII |
| [The State of Rome at the End of the Republic] | [637] |
| A retrospective view of the republican constitution, [637]. Literature, [643]. The drama, [645]. Poetry, [647]. The fine arts, [651]. Social conditions; religion, [652]. |
| [Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters] | [655] |