603 War with Persia breaks out.
604 Treaty of peace with the Avars.
606-608 Disastrous invasion of Asia Minor by the Persians. They advance to Chalcedon.
609 Revolts in Africa and Alexandria.
610 Heraclius, son of the governor of Africa, accomplishes the overthrow and death of Phocas.
614 The Persian War continues. Damascus captured.
615 Jerusalem taken by the Persians.
616 Persian invasion of Egypt.
617 Occupation of Chalcedon by the Persians. Heraclius contemplates moving to Carthage.
620 Peace made with Avars who have attempted to seize the emperor.