821 Rebellion of Thomas, a claimant of the throne. He is crowned at Antioch, and lays siege to Constantinople.
822 The Bulgarians, taking advantage of civil discord, invade the empire. Thomas delivered up to Michael, and hanged.
823 The Mohammedans capture Crete.
827 Mohammedan conquest of Sicily begun. It is not completed until 878.
829 Theophilus succeeds his father. He is a zealous iconoclast.
831 A Mohammedan invasion of long duration begins.
832 Brilliant victory of Theophilus in Charsiana. The Mohammedans capture Heraclea.
836 Theophilus destroys Zapetra.
838 Mohammedan victory at Dasymon. Amorium is captured.
842 Death of Theophilus, due to chagrin at Mohammedan successes. His son Michael (III) Porphyrogenitus, or the Drunkard, succeeds at the age of four, with his mother Theodora as regent. Image-worship restored at Council of Constantinople. End of the Iconoclastic controversy. Slavonic insurrection in the Peloponnesus suppressed. Failure of an attempt to conquer the Abasges, and to recover Crete. War with the Mohammedans continues.