800 Coronation of Charlemagne as emperor.
812 Death of Pepin. His son Bernhard succeeds.
817 The emperor Louis I, le Débonnaire, arranges for his succession, which arrangement does not please Bernhard and he rebels. Louis captures Bernhard, puts out his eyes, and takes the crown of Italy. Death of Bernhard.
822 Louis makes his son Lothair I king of Italy.
840 Death of Louis.
843 At Treaty of Verdun, Lothair confirmed as emperor, receives Italy as part of his kingdom.
844 Louis II, son of Lothair, is crowned king of Italy.
850 Louis shares the imperial dignity with his father.
855 Lothair gives up the reins of government, and retiring to a monastery, dies same year.
875 On death of Louis, his uncle Charles the Bald invades Italy and seizes the crown. The pope crowns him emperor.