1229 Frederick makes treaty with the sultan Kamil, receiving Jerusalem and other places. Frederick crowns himself king of Jerusalem, and returns to Europe.
THE SEVENTH CRUSADE (1239-1240 A.D.)
Gregory IX preaches a new crusade (1238). The sultan Kamil dies that year.
1239 King Thibaut of Navarre leads an army to Palestine to break the truce made between Kamil and the Templars. The sons of Kamil defeat him and capture Jerusalem.
1240 Richard, earl of Cornwall, proceeds to Acre, and receives offers of peace from the sultan of Egypt. Jerusalem, and other places in Palestine, are restored to the Christians. Richard returns to England.
THE EIGHTH CRUSADE (1248-1254 A.D.)
In 1244, Jerusalem is taken by the Khwarizmians, who have been driven from their own country by Jenghiz Khan. This leads to a new crusade. Louis IX of France, in a fit of illness, vows to lead an army against the Khwarizmians.
1248 Departure of Louis and his crusaders. He winters in Cyprus.
1249 Louis proceeds to Egypt, and takes Damietta. He then sets out for Cairo.
1250 Battle of Mansura. Defeat and capture of Louis by Turan Shah, sultan of Egypt. Louis is released by the restoration of Damietta, and the promise to abstain from further hostilities. The crusaders return to St. Jean d’Acre. Louis remains four years in Syria, fortifying Acre and other cities, and