1038 Ramiro I of Aragon drives the Moors from Sobrarbe, and annexes it to his possessions. Assassination of Al-Mundar of Saragossa, at Granada.
1043 Death of Gehwar of Cordova. His son Muhammed succeeds.
1046 Ferdinand I of Castile besieges Toledo. The emir pays tribute.
1060 Muhammed Al-Muatedid seizes Cordova, and then becomes the most powerful leader of the Moorish rulers in Spain. Muhammed Gehwar dies of grief.
1064 Last victories of Ferdinand I in Catalonia and Valencia. Al-Mamun of Toledo captures Valencia, deposing his brother-in-law, Al-Mudafar.
1070 Rise of the Almoravids in Africa due to Yusuf b. Tashufin.
1078 Ibn Abed of Seville takes Murcia.
1079 Conquest of Malaga by Ibn Omar, the vizir of Ibn Abed. Alliance between Ibn Abed and Alfonso VI of Castile.
1081 Alfonso VI invades Toledo. Al-Aftas, emir of Badajoz, drives him back.
1085 Capture of Toledo by Alfonso VI.