[b] M. M. Busk, The History of Spain and Portugal.
[c] Heinrich Schurtz on “Die Pyrenäische Halbinsel,” in Helmolt’s Weltgeschichte.
[d] Martin A. S. Hume, The Spanish People: their Origin, Growth, and Influence.
[e] Polybius, General History.
[f] Titus Livius, History of Rome.
[g] S. A. Dunham, History of Spain and Portugal.
[h] Pliny, Historia Naturalis.
[i] Idatius, Chronicum.
[j] Ulrick R. Burke, A History of Spain.
[k] M. Casiri, Bibliotheca arabico-hispana Escurialensis.