[k] A. E. Houghton, article on “Spain,” in the New Volumes of the Encyclopædia Britannica.

[l] A. de Pirala, El Rey en Madrid y en provincias.

[m] Emilio Castelar, speech of November 3rd, 1870.

[n] Victor Cherbuliez, L’Espagne Politique.

[o] Joseph de Grabinski, Amédée de Savoie, duc d’Aoste, roi d’Espagne.

[p] Otto Kaemmel, Geschichte der neuesten Zeit (in Spamer’s Weltgeschichte).

[q] M. M. Busk, History of Spain and Portugal.

BOOK II
THE HISTORY OF PORTUGAL FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT

CHAPTER I. EARLY HISTORY TO JOÃO I