1205 the estates of Saragossa repudiate the transaction.
1208 The Albigensian crusade. Pedro refuses to declare for either party, but turns his arms against the Moors and shares the glory at the great Christian victory of
1212 Las Navas de Tolosa.
1213 He endeavours to mediate between the Albigensians and the crusaders, but fails and lays siege to the latter’s city of Muret, when he is slain in a battle with Simon de Montfort. James (I) the Conqueror, known as Don Jayme of Aragon (in Catalonian En Jacme, lo Conqueridor), succeeds at the age of six. The usual civil wars occupy his minority, but finally he triumphs over all rebels.
1228 Balearic Islands, the haunt of Moorish pirates, attacked and subdued after a four years’ war.
1232 Valencia invaded.
1238 Conquest of Valencia completed. The Moors are guaranteed security and religious liberty.
1264-1266 Murcia reconquered by James for his son-in-law, Alfonso X of Castile.
1268 By the execution of Conradin, the last of the Hohenstaufen, Constanza, wife of James’ son, Pedro (III), and daughter of Manfred, king of Sicily, becomes heiress of Sicily, now in the hands of the usurper, Charles of Anjou.
1269 Preparations for a crusade to the Holy Land headed by James. The king is turned back by a storm, but his son, Fernan Sanchez, proceeds to Acre. Like Alfonso X of Castile, James left a chronicle or commentary of his reign (afterwards continued by Raymond Muntaner), as well as a book of aphorisms called the Libre de Saviesa, both written in the Catalan language.