1854 The moderates and radicals join in a liberal union. Revolts in Barcelona and Madrid. Espartero minister. Attempts to revive internal prosperity. Sale of the property of the church, of institutions, and of the state ordered.
1856 New constitution. Espartero retires. Riots in Madrid and Barcelona. The old moderate party under Narvaez in power.
1858 Union of moderates and radicals under the O’Donnell ministry.
1860 Successful expedition to Morocco. The Spaniards win the battles of Tetuan and Guad Ras. Ortega proclaims Don Carlos’ son as Charles VI. Ortega captured and shot. Don Carlos’ sons captured and compelled to renounce their pretensions.
1861 Santo Domingo declared reunited to Spain. Convention of London. At the instigation of Spain, England, France, and Spain agree to force Mexico to fulfil her obligations. Spanish troops under Prim join in the Mexican expedition.
1863 Prim’s attitude brings about a misunderstanding with France. Dissolution of the O’Donnell cabinet.
1864 War with Santo Domingo.
1865 A party formed for the union of Spain with Portugal.
1866 War with Peru. Rebellion in Catalonia, Valencia, and Madrid. A new ministry under Narvaez and Gonsalez Bravo endeavours to restrain rebellion by a reign of terror.
1868 The liberal union, progressists, and democrats unite against the government. Revolution. Insurgents’ victory at the bridge of Alcolea. Flight of Isabella. Provisional government under Prim, Topete, and Olozaga. Disputes as to the form of government. Religious orders abolished and toleration proclaimed. Cuban insurrection.