1383 The English, angry at Ferdinand’s fickleness, ravage Portugal. Ferdinand dies, leaving his wile Leonora regent, against whom the people rise.
1384 Juan I of Castile allies himself with her, but is repulsed at Lisbon.
1385 The Portuguese proclaim Dom João, grand master of Aviz and son of Pedro the Severe, king, as João (I) the Great. The Portuguese defeat the Castilians at Aljubarrota and Valverde.
1386 A perpetual treaty of alliance signed with England.
1398 Iñes de Castro’s son, Diniz, attempts to overthrow João, but, with English assistance, he is defeated.
Fifteenth Century
1411 Peace made with Castile.
1415 The Portuguese take Ceuta in Africa, their first foreign possession.
1418 Prince Henry’s captains discover the Madeiras.
1420 Madeiras colonised.