1699 Peter forms a coalition with Poland and Denmark against Sweden.
1700 Beginning of the Northern War. The Russian forces sustain a severe defeat at Narva. The beginning of the new Russian year is changed from the first of September to the first of January.
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
1703 Peter begins the building of St. Petersburg.
1706 The Cossacks of the Don revolt.
1707 The secret marriage of Peter with Catherine takes place.
1709 Mazeppa, hetman of the Little-Russian Cossacks, revolts. Battle of Pultowa.
1710 Turkey declares war against Russia.
1711 The old supreme council of boyars (douma) is replaced by the senate, into which merit and service might obtain admission independently of noble origin. By the terms of the Treaty of the Pruth Peter surrenders to the Turks his artillery, gives back Azov, and undertakes to rase Taganrog.
1714 The Russians gain over the Swedes the important naval victory of Åland or Hankül. Peter becomes master of Finland.