Rule 2.—Assistant steadies patient from behind, with hands both sides of his head, operator presses downward and backward with his thumbs on back teeth of patient, each side of patient's jaw, while the chin is grasped between forefingers and raised upward. Idea is to stretch the ligament at jaw joint, and swing jaw back while pulling on this ligament. ([Fig. 29].)
Rule 3.—Tie jaw with four-tailed bandage up against upper jaw for a week. ([Fig. 12], p. 90.)
SHOULDER.—Common accident. No hurry. See p. [122].
ELBOW.—Rare. No hurry. See p. [125].
HIP.—No hurry. See p. [129].
KNEE.—Rare. Easily reduced. Head of lower bone (tibia) is moved to one side; knee slightly bent.
First Aid Rule 1.—Put patient on back.
Rule 2.—Flex thigh on abdomen and hold it there.
Rule 3.—Grasp leg below knee and twist it back and forth, and straighten knee.
DISLOCATIONS.—A dislocation is an injury to a joint wherein the ends of the bones forming a joint are forced out of place. A dislocation is commonly described as a condition in which a part (as the shoulder) is "out of joint" or "out of place." A dislocation must be distinguished from a sprain, and from a fracture near a joint. In a sprain, as has been stated (p. [65]), the bones entering into the formation of the joint are perhaps momentarily displaced, but return into their proper place when the violence is removed. But, owing to greater injury, in dislocation the head of the bone slips out of the socket which should hold it, breaks through the ligaments surrounding the joint, and remains permanently out of place. For this reason there is a peculiar deformity, produced by the head of the bone's lying in its new and unnatural situation, which is not seen in a sprain.