Fig. 30.
J. SULLIVAN'S IMPROVED YARD HOPPER CLOSET.
Fig. 31.
A MODERN WATER-CLOSET.
(J. L. Mott Iron Works.)
Yard and Area Drains.—The draining of the surface of the yard or other areas is done by tile or iron pipes connecting with the sewer or house drain in the cellar. The "bell" or the "lip" traps are to be condemned and should not be used for yard drains. The gully and trap should be made of one piece; the trap should be of the siphon type and should be deep enough in the ground to prevent the freezing of seal in winter.
FOOTNOTES:
[18] Waterproof paint or tiling should be used for this purpose.—Editor.