C. sarmatica (Sarmatian).* fl. nutant, usually secund, terminal and axillary, forming a long, loose, scattered raceme; corolla pale blue, velvety outside. July. l. tomentose; lower ones petiolate, cordate, rather hastate, crenately toothed; superior ones sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrate-toothed. Stems simple, straight, downy. h. 1ft. to 2ft. Caucasus, 1803. Borders. (B. R. 237.) See Fig. 353.

C. saxatilis (rock). fl. three to five, disposed in a loose raceme; corolla blue, tubular, nutant. May. l. crenated; radical ones rosulate, somewhat spathulate; cauline ones ovate, acute. Stem erect. h. 6in. Crete, 1768. Rockery. Very rare.

C. Scheuchzeri (Scheuchzer's).* fl. dark blue, pendent, on slender stems, broadly bell-shaped. July, August. l., lower ones similar to those of C. pusilla; upper ones linear. h. 3in. to 6in. South European Alps, 1813. (L. B. C. 485.)

C. Scouleri (Scouler's). fl. pale blue, paniculate, bell-shaped. July, August. l., lower ones ovate, on long petioles, coarsely serrated; cauline ones ovate-lanceolate. h. 1ft. North-west America, 1876. Rockery.

C. sibirica (Siberian). fl. panicled, numerous, drooping; corollas bluish-violet, large. July. l. crenulated; radical ones crowded, petiolate, obovate, obtuse; cauline ones sessile, oblong-lanceolate, undulated, acuminated. Plant beset with bristle-like hairs. Stem branched. h. 1ft. to 1½ft. East Europe, 1783. Biennial. Borders. (B. M. 659.)

C. s. divergens (divergent).* fl. violaceous, rather large, at first erect, but drooping in the expanded state; peduncles many-flowered, and, like the stem, usually trichotomous. June. l., radical ones sub-spathulate, crenulated, narrowed at the base; cauline ones sessile, lanceolate, acuminated. Plant pilose, panicled. h. 1½ft. Siberia, 1814. Biennial. SYN. C. spathulata. (S. B. F. G. ii., 256.)

C. spathulata (spathulate). A synonym of C. sibirica divergens.

C. speciosa (beautiful).* fl. pedicellate, disposed in a pyramidal raceme; corolla blue, purple or white, 1in. long, smooth outside, but often villous inside. June, July. l. sessile, repandly crenated; radical ones rosulate, linear-lanceolate; cauline ones linear. Stem simple. h. 12in. to 18in. South-west Europe, 1820. Borders. (B. M. 2649.)

C. spicata (spicate). fl. sessile, one to three from each bract; spike long, interrupted at the base; corolla blue, funnel-shaped. July. l. sessile, nearly entire; radical ones crowded, linear-lanceolate; cauline ones linear, acuminated. Stem simple. h. 1ft. to 2ft. Europe, 1786. Biennial. Borders. (A. F. P. 3, 46.)

C. stricta (strict). fl. almost sessile, few, solitary, spicate; corolla blue, tubular. July. l. ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, pilose. Stem branched, pilose. h. 1ft. to 2ft. Armenia, 1819. Biennial. Borders.

FIG. 354. CAMPANULA THYRSOIDEA, showing Entire Plant and Single Flower.

C. thyrsoidea (thyrsoid).* fl. disposed in a dense pyramidal spike, sessile; corolla sulphur-coloured, oblong. July. l. entire, pilose; lower ones lanceolate, obtuse; cauline ones linear-lanceolate, acute. Stem simple, covered with leaves and flowers. Plant pilose. h. 1ft. to 1½ft. Alps of Europe, 1785. Biennial. Rockery. (B. M. 1290.) See Fig. 354.

C. Tommasiniana (Tommasini's).* fl. pale blue, tubular, slightly angled, in closely set, several-flowered, axillary cymes. July, August. l. nearly or quite sessile, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, distinctly serrated, there being no difference between the lower and upper ones. Stems at first erect, ultimately drooping through the weight of the flowers. h. 9in. to 12in. Italy. A very handsome alpine species. (B. M. 6590.)

C. Trachelium (Throat-wort).* fl. drooping a little, one to four together, terminating the branchlets; corolla variously coloured, campanulate, bearded inside. July. l. scabrous, acuminated, coarsely and crenately toothed; radical ones petiolate, cordate. Stem angular, simple or branched. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Europe. Borders. (Sy. En. B. 867.) There are double blue, double white, and variously shaded single forms of this species.

C. trichocalycina (hairy-calyxed). fl. disposed in an almost simple terminal raceme, approximate at the top, one to three rising from each axil, at the time of flowering erect, but afterwards drooping; corolla profoundly five-cleft, funnel-shaped. July. l. on short petioles, ovate, acute, coarsely serrated. Stem simple. h. 1ft. to 3ft. Europe, 1823. Borders.

C. Van Houttei (Van Houtte's).* fl. dark blue, bell-shaped, pendulous, 2in. long, axillary and terminal. July, August. l., lower ones roundish-cordate, crenate on long stalks; cauline ones oblong-lanceolate, sessile, serrated. h. 2ft. This is a very fine hybrid. Differing from it only in colour and other unimportant details is C. Burghalti, a handsome hybrid, found in gardens; the flowers are of a pale purple colour, very large, pendent. These are two of the best border Bell-flowers in cultivation.

C. versicolor (various-coloured). fl. disposed in long spicate racemes; corolla of a deep violaceous colour at bottom, pale in the middle, and the lobes pale violet, companulately rotate. July to September. l. serrated; radical ones petiolate, ovate, acute, rather cordate; cauline ones on short petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated. Stems erect. h. 3ft. to 4ft. Greece, 1788. Borders. (S. F. G. 207.)

C. Vidalii (Vidal's). fl. large, racemose; corolla white, wax-like, between urceolate and campanulate, pendulous; disk singularly broad, surrounded by a thick bright orange-coloured annulus. July and August. l. thick and fleshy, oblong spathulate, viscid, coarsely serrated. h. 1ft. to 2ft. Azores, 1851. Perennial. Cool greenhouse or (during summer) herbaceous border. (B. M. 4748.)

FIG. 355. CAMPANULA WALDSTEINIANA.

C. Waldsteiniana (Waldstein's).* fl. three to four at the top of each stem, one of which is terminal, and the others from the axils of the superior leaves, always looking upwards; corollas violaceous-blue, campanulate. June. l. greyish, sessile, lanceolate, serrated; lower ones obtuse; superior ones long-acuminated. Stems erect, flexuous, stiff, simple, numerous from the same root. h. 4in. to 6in. Hungary, 1824. See Fig. 355.

C. Wanneri (Wanner's). A synonym of Symphyandra Wanneri.

C. Zoysii (Zoys's).* fl. pedicellate, drooping; corolla pale blue, with five deeper-coloured lines, cylindrical, elongated. June. l. entire; radical ones crowded, petiolate, ovately obovate, obtuse; cauline ones obovate-lanceolate, and linear. Plant small, tufted. h. 3in. Carniola, 1813. A scarce little alpine gem, thriving in a sunny chink in rich gritty soil.

CAMPANULACEÆ. A large order of herbs or sub-shrubs. Flowers blue or white; corolla regular, bell-shaped, usually five-lobed. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. The genus best known is Campanula; other genera are Adenophora, Jasione, and Phyteuma.

CAMPANULATE. Bell-shaped.