"The Angelus is so called from the short Latin prayer made at the hour indicated by the ringing of the church bell. In summer the morning hour is six, in winter it is seven; the bell is also rung at noon, and at seven in the evening." The devotion of the Angelus was instituted by Pope John XXII., in 1316.
[11] (p. [105]).—Cf. with this account of Jacques Michel, that given by Champlain, in Voyages (1632), pp. 230, 252, 256-262.
[12] (p. [119]).—Concerning Pierre Antoine (Pastedechouan), the Montagnais interpreter, see vol. [v]., note [33].
[13] (p. [129]).—For sketch of Oliver Le Tardif, see vol. [v]., note [49].
[14] (p. [147]).—The Sorcerer: Carigonan, a noted medicine man among the Montagnais, and a brother of Pierre Antoine. A third brother, with whom Le Jeune lived while wintering with the tribe, was named Mestigoit.
[15] (p. [151]).—The abandonment of the Indian village at Three Rivers, here referred to, would seem to have occurred some time after the League of the Five Nations was formed (soon after 1600). See vol. [v]., note [52].
[16] (p. [157]).—See Le Jeune's account of legends regarding Messou and Atahocan, vol. v., pp. 153-157, and note 41. Cf. the "comparative study of the Nanibozhu legend" given by Chamberlain in Journal of American Folk-Lore, vol. iv. (1891), pp. 193-213; and vol. v., p. 291.
[17] (p. [159]).—This curious legend suggests the Greek myth of Pandora. Cf. a story related by Le Clercq, in his Relation de la Gaspesie (Paris, 1691), pp. 310-326, of a soul that was brought back by a bereaved father from the Land of Souls, and lost through the curiosity of a woman. On the ideas of immortality current among the aborigines, see Sagard's Canada, pp. 497, 498; Champlain's Voyages (1632), part i., p. 127; Tailhan's Perrot, pp. 40-43, 184, 185; Schoolcraft's Ind. Tribes, vol., iii., p. 60, and vol. v., p. 79; and Parkman's Jesuits, pp. lxxx.-lxxxiii.
[18] (p. [163]).—Castelogne: a woolen blanket. The name, originally a commercial term, and used especially in Normandy, seems to have been derived from Catalonia, Spain, where this article was manufactured. Clapin's Dictionnaire Canadien-Français (Montreal, 1894) states that the name "castelogne" is still used in Canada, to designate a home-made rug of odds and ends.
[19] (p. [253]).—The Mercure François, vol. xix. (1633), p. 841, thus speaks of the influence of liquor on the Indians, and Champlain's attitude toward the traffic, in an account of the latter's voyage to Canada (1633), written by "a reliable person who made the voyage with him:" "Our Savages—not only men, but women and girls—are such lovers of brandy that they get swinishly intoxicated, since the English made them acquainted with this beverage, which causes numberless quarrels among them. When they get tipsy, they fight, and batter each other with their fists; they break into the cabins, and tear them in pieces; and in this state they may do some foul deed, and murder us,—as some time ago they threatened a sailor, and, if he had not thrown himself into the water, I know not what they might have done to him,—and thence would arise broils and commotion throughout the country. Sieur de Champlain, considering this, and realizing the misfortunes that would arise therefrom, deems it expedient to issue a stringent prohibition of traffic, in any manner whatsoever, in brandy,—under penalty of corporal punishment, and loss of his wages, for any one caught in selling brandy and wine."