[3] (p. [13]).—Quebec, like the other Canadian provinces, possesses great mineral wealth. Magnetic and hematite iron ores are abundant; and a rich vein of chromic iron has recently been found and worked, at Coleraine. A considerable quantity of copper is also mined in Quebec; gold to the amount of $260,905 was produced during the years 1877-94; and in 1894, this province yielded 101,318 ounces of silver. Among its other important mineral productions are asbestos, phosphates, petroleum, and building-stones.
Pierre Boucher (governor of Three Rivers in 1653-58 and 1662-67) thus mentions the mineral products of Canada, in his Histoire véritable et natvrelle de la Novvelle France, (Paris, 1664), chap. i.: "Springs of salt water have been discovered, from which excellent salt can be obtained; and there are others, which yield minerals. There is one in the Iroquois Country, which produces a thick liquid, resembling oil, and which is used in place of oil for many purposes. There are also many mines, according to report; I am certain that there are mines of iron and copper in many places. Various reliable persons have assured me that there is a great abundance of lead, and that not far from us; but, as it is along the road by which our Enemies pass, no one has yet dared to go thither to make its discovery."
[4] (p. [15]).—In regard to the Canadian policy of the Hundred Associates, see vol. [iv.], notes [21], [38]; and vol. [vii.], note [18]. Cf. Faillon (Col. Fr., pp. 343-352); he complains that the company, although at first making some efforts to bring over colonists, soon evaded the obligations imposed by their charter, and sent to Canada few besides their own fur-trade employees; that they cleared no land, and only sent provisions to the colony; that they made concessions (as to Giffard, Bourdon, and many others) obliging those to whom lands were given to assume the company's duties of clearing lands, and sending and supporting colonists—which acts should at the same time inure to the benefit of the Associates, and be credited to their account, as if performed by them.
[5] (p. [17]).—Concerning Duplessis-Bochard, see vol. [v.], note [34].
[6] (p. [19]).—Le Jeune states, in the Relation for 1634 (vol. [vii.] of this series, p. [229]), that this fort was built on St. Croix Island (see vol. [ii.], note [66]). The island was afterwards known by the name of the fort. Ferland (Cours d'Histoire, vol. i., p. 260, note) thus cites Faucher: "The little island below Richelieu, where now is a light-house, is precisely the same where was formerly situated a fort, to intercept passage in time of war. The channel adjacent to the island has been measured, and its greatest width is seven arpents; vessels generally pass at a distance of three or four arpents from the island. In all the river, there is no place more suitable for the erection of a fort. At low tide, no water remains in the channel."
[7] (p. [19]).—Metaberoutin: the Three Rivers (St. Maurice); see vol. [ii.], note [52].
[8] (p. [45]).—Pierre Pijart was born at Paris, May 17, 1608, and, soon after attaining his majority, became a Jesuit novice. His studies were successively pursued at Paris, La Flèche, and Caen; and, in July, 1635, he came to Canada. He was at once assigned to the Huron mission, where he remained five years. In November, 1640, he went with Garnier to open the Mission of the Holy Apostles among the Tionnontates or Tobacco Nation. This tribe, however, refused to listen to them; and within a year they were obliged to abandon this mission for a time. Pijart was employed at the Ste. Marie residence for some three years. In September, 1645, he was located at Three Rivers, being mentioned by Lalemant, in the Journal des Jésuites (Quebec, 1871), p. 5, as "procureur des Hurons." In August, 1650, he returned to France.
[9] (p. [47]).—Pierre Feauté, a lay brother in the Jesuit order, came to Canada in the summer of 1635; occasional mention of him in Journ. des Jésu. shows that he was employed in the Jesuit residence of Notre-Dame des Anges in 1636, and, later, at Quebec. In November, 1651, he made a voyage to France, whither he seems to have finally returned in October, 1657.
Rochemonteix (Jésuites, vol. i., p. 212) cites Catalogus Provinciæ Franciæ to show that Brother Pierre le Tellier was, toward 1665, in charge of the petite école, or primary department, of the college of Quebec.
[10] (p. [47]).—Claude Quentin came to Canada in July, 1635, and was assigned soon afterwards to the residence of Three Rivers, with Buteux, where he remained two years. In the summer of 1638, he was sent to the station at Miscou, returning some time later to Quebec, on account of ill-health. In the autumn of 1641, he was appointed procuror of the Canadian missions, occupying this position about six years—during which time he made several journeys between Canada and France, apparently making a final return to the latter country Oct. 21, 1647.