COLOURED PLATES.

Facing page
Cassowary[385]
Crowned Crane[417]
Australian Cockatoo—Macaw—Male Ruff in full breeding-plumage—Laughing-jackass[449]
Hoopoe flying[481]
Waxbills—Indigo Finches[513]
Green and Ocellated Lizards[545]
The West African Python[577]
Western Australian Scarlet Rock-cod—Freemantle Devil-fish, or Armed Gurnard[609]
A Salmon leaping[641]
Goliath Beetle—Brazilian Bee—Grasshopper—Candle-fly—Australian Robber-fly—Japanese Analophus[673]
Crœsus Butterfly of Batchian[705]
Portion of Inshore Coral Reef at Thursday Island, Torres Straits[737]

ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT.

PAGE
Rufous Tinamou, Brazil[385]
Rhea and young[385]
Rhea and young ones[386]
Rhea lying down[386]
Rheas in Tring Park[387]
White Rheas[388]
Ostrich standing beside her eggs[389]
Ostriches ten days old[390]
An Ostrich Family[391]
A group of Cock Ostriches[392]
Sclater's Cassowary[393]
Nest and eggs of Emeu[394]
Young Emeus five days old[394]
Young Emeus[395]
Emeu[395]
Mantell's Kiwi[396]
Owen's Kiwi[396]
Red Grouse[397]
Ptarmigan[398]
Capercallie[398]
Common Partridge[398]
Texan Bob-white[399]
Golden Pheasant[400],[401]
Silver Pheasant[401]
English Pheasants[401]
Reeves's Pheasant[401]
Amherst's Pheasant[401]
Peacock-pheasant[401]
Temminck's Tragopan[402]
Chinese Tragopan[402]
Himalayan Monal[403]

Red Cochins

[404]
Brown Leghorn Cock[404]
Silver-spangled Hamburgs[405]
Dark Bramas[405]
Silver Wyandotte Hen with Pheasant Chicks[406]
Peacock[407]
Back view of Peacock[407]
Black-chested Crested Guinea-fowl[408]
Nest of Brush-turkey at Woburn Abbey[409]
Turkey Cock and Hen[409]
Wallace's Painted Megapode[410]
Razor-billed Curassow[411]
Crested Curassow[411]
Hoatzin[412]
Weka-rail[413]
Water-rail[413]
A pair of young Pigeons in nest[414]
Southern Fruit-pigeon[415]
Nicobar Imperial Fruit-pigeons[415]
New Guinea Crowned Pigeon[415]
Wonga-wonga Pigeon[415]
Male Black-bellied Sand-grouse[416]
White Tern[417]
Terns on a shingle bank[418]
Herring-gull[419]

Young Herring-gulls in the grey phase of plumage

[419]
Stone-curlew, or Thick-knee[420]
Curlew[420]
Woodcock[421]
Oyster-catcher on its nest[421]
Denham's Bustard[422]
Great Bustards[422]
Indian Bustards[423]
Stanley Crane[424]
Common Crane[425],[426]
Manchurian Crane[426]
Wattled Crane[426]
Seriema[427]
White-backed Trumpeters[427]
Great Crested Grebe[428]
Black-throated Divers[428]
Rock-hopper Penguin[429]
Black-footed Penguin[430]
Black-footed Penguins bathing[431]
King-penguin[432]
Nesting Albatrosses[433]
White-capped Albatross[434]
Carting Albatross eggs[434]
Fulmar Petrel[435]
Whale-headed Stork[436]
White Storks[437]
Adjutant-stork[438]
Jabiru Stork[438]
Flamingoes[439],[440]
European Flamingoes[440]

Spoonbill

[441]
Sacred Ibis[441]
Young Herons fourteen days old in nest[442]
Great Blue Heron[443]
Common Night-heron[444]
Young Common Herons[444]
Green Heron[445]
Buff-backed Heron[446]
Indian Cattle-egret[447]
Common Bittern[448]
Egyptian Pelican[449]
Crested Pelican[450]
Young Australian Pelican[451]
Young Pelicans[451]
Cormorant[452]
Frigate-birds at home[453]
Young Gannets, first year[454]
Gannet, second year[454]
Gannet, full plumage[454]
Gannets on the Bass Rock[455]
Crested Screamer, or Chaka[456]
Aylesbury Duck[457]
Pochard[457]
Eider-duck[458]
Sheldrake[458]
Paradise-ducks[459]
Cape Barren Goose[460]
Australian Pygmy Goose[461]
Black-necked Swan[461]
Trumpeter- and Whooper-swans[462]

Australian Black Swans and Cygnets

[463]
Condor[464]
King-vulture[465]
Black Vultures[465]
Californian Vulture[466]
Secretary-bird[467]
Egyptian Kite[468]
Australian Osprey[469]
Bearded Vulture[470]
Griffon-vulture[471]
Rüppell's Vulture[471]
Angolan Vulture[472]
Pondicherry Vulture[472]
Egyptian Vulture[473]
Wedge-tailed Eagle[473]
American Sparrow-hawk[474]
Vociferous Sea-eagle[475]
Imperial Eagle[475]
Crested Eagle[475]
Chilian Sea-eagle[475]
Rough-legged Buzzard[476]
Martial Hawk-eagle[476]
Peregrine Falcon[477]
Spectacled Owl[477]
Eagle-owl[478]
Virginian Eagle-owl[478]
American Long-eared Owl[479]
Tawny Owl[479]
Screech-owl[480]
Barn-owl[480]
Common Night-jar[481]
Pennant-winged Night-jar[481]

More-porks

[482],[483]
Swift[484]
Edible Swift[485]
Ruby-throated Humming-birds[486]
Kea[487]
New Zealand Kea[488]
New Zealand Kaka[489]
Black Cockatoo[490]
Cockatoo[490]
Leadbeater's Cockatoo[491]
Macaw[492]
Blue Mountain-parrots[493]
Young Cuckoo ejecting egg[494]
Pheasant-cuckoo[495]
Cuckoo one day old in Hedge-sparrow's nest[496]
Young Cuckoo[497]
Young Cuckoo in Reed-warbler's nest[498]
Australian Laughing-kingfisher[499]
Kingfishers at home[500]
Laughing-kingfishers[501]
Kingfisher[502]
Laughing-jackass[503]
Crested Hornbill[504]
Concave-casqued Hornbill, India[505]
Ground-hornbill[505]
Hoopoe[506]
Bee-eater[507]
Racket-tailed Motmot[508]
Trogon[509]
Curl-crested Toucan[510]
Honey-guide[511]
A family of Greater Spotted Woodpeckers[511]
Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers[512]
American Crow[513]
Jackdaws[514]
Young American Blue Jay[515]
A pair of Magpies[516]
Cornish Chough[517]
King Bird of Paradise[517]
Queensland Rifle-bird[518]
Red Bird of Paradise[518]
Young Starlings[519]
Common Starling[520]
Meadow-lark (natural size)[521]
Hawfinch[522]
Young Chaffinches[523]
House-sparrows[523]
Bullfinch[524]
Greenfinch[525]
Linnet[526]
Skylarks[527]
Young Skylarks[528]
Nuthatch[529]
Marsh-tit[530]
Great Tit[531]
Coal-tits[532]
Red-backed Shrikes[533]
Australian Magpie[533]
Reed-warbler[534]
Song-thrush[535]
Young Thrush[536]
Blackbird[536]
Robin[537]
Nightingale[537]
Stone-chat[538]
A pair of Wrens[539]
Common Wrens[539]
Young Swallows[540]
Sand-martins[541]
Victorian Lyre-bird[542]
Tail of Australian Lyre-bird[542]
Bell-bird[543]
Cock-of-the-walk[544]
Young Nile Crocodile[545]
Young Broad-snouted Crocodile[546]
A dead Crocodile[546]
A Crocodile[547]
A Queensland Crocodile[548]
Crocodile, well illustrating the character of the dentition[549]
Crocodiles and Alligators, with young[550]
A Crocodile from Southern United States[550]
Mississippi and Chinese Alligators[551]
Asiatic Tortoises[552]
European Tortoise[552]
Elephant-tortoises from the Galapagos Islands[553]
Elephant-tortoise[554]
Giant or Elephant-tortoises from the Galapagos Islands[555]

Giant Tortoise

[556]
A Giant Tortoise with a European Tortoise on its back[557]
Elephant-tortoise[558]
Snapping-turtle[559]
Temminck's Snapper[560]
Newly hatched Turtles enjoying their first swim[561]
Cuban Terrapins[562]
Blind-worm[563]
Glass-snake, or Scheltopusik[563]
Burmese Geckos[564]
Madeiran Geckos[565]
Flying-dragon of Java[566]
Frilled Lizard at bay with expanded frill[567]
Frilled Lizard with frill folded up[567]
Frilled Lizard running on its hind legs (2 views)[567]
Australian Tree-lizard[568]
Australian Water-lizard[569]
Australian Jew or Bearded Lizards[570]
Bearded Lizard[570]
A young Bearded Lizard[570]
Australian York or Mountain-devil[571]
Spinous Lizard, or Mountain-devil[571]
A group of Mountain-devils of Central Australia[572]
Horned Toad[572],[573]
Tuberculated Iguana[574]
Small Viviparous Lizard[574]
Wall-lizard[574]
Banded Iguanas[575]
South African Girdled Lizard[575]
Arizona Heloderm (Poisonous Lizard)[576]
White Monitor[576]
Green Lizard[577]
Ocellated Lizards at home[577]
Röntgen ray photograph of Ocellated Lizard[578]
Common Skink[579]
Australian Stump-tailed Lizards[579]
Blue-tongued Lizards[580]
Spine-tailed Lizards, Western Australia[580]
Chamæleons asleep[581]
A Chamæleon in a rage[581]
Common Chamæleon of South Europe and North Africa[582]
A Chamæleon shooting out its tongue to capture a fly[583]
A photograph of a Chamæleon in the act of catching a butterfly[583]
Tuatera of New Zealand[584]
A tame Tuatera[584]
Dark Green Snake[585],[586]
A small Boa-constrictor seizing and devouring a rat[587]
Boa-constrictor ready to strike[588]
Carpet-snake[589]
Æsculapian Snake[589]
A group of Garter-snakes[590]
Leopard-snake[591]
Tesselated Snake[591]
Pine-snake[592]
Cobra (back view)[593]
Queensland Sea-snake[593]
English Viper[594]
African Puff-adder[595]
Diamond-back Rattle-snake[595]
Rattle-snake[596]
Fer-de-lance Snake[597]
Bull-frog[598]
American Bull-frog[598]
Edible Frog[599]
Tiger-like Frog[599]
Röntgen ray photograph of Common Frog[600]
Ornamented Horned Toad[601]
European Green Tree-frog[602]
Queensland Tree-frogs[603]
Common Toad[603],[604]
Common or Smooth Newt[605]
Smooth Newt[606]
Spotted Salamanders[607]
Yellow phase of Spotted Salamanders[608]
Australian Lung-fish[609]

Bottle-nosed Chimæra

[610]
White Perch[611]
Sea-bass[611]
Large-mouthed Black Bass[612]
Butter-fish[612]
American "Sun-fish"[613]
The miscalled Archer-fish[614]
Striped Red Mullet[614]
Brown Snapper[615]
Red Sea-bream[615]
Snapper[616]
King-snapper[616]
Australian Groper[617]
Indian Weaver-fish[618]
Ragged Sea-scorpion[618]
Stone-fish[619]
Tassel-fish[619]
Sword-fish[620]
Snoek[620]
Fringed Horse mackerel[621]
Horse-mackerel[621]
John Dories[622],[624]
Long-finned Dory[623]
Sucking-fish[625]
Larger Weaver[625]
Angler-fish[626]
Butterfly-gurnard[627]
Reel-gurnard[627]
Bar-tailed Flat-head[628]
Rock Flat-head[628]
Lump-sucker[629]
Blenny[630]
Northern Mullet[631]
Red Mullet[631]
Garpikes[632]
Pipe-fish[632]
Flying-fish[633]
Spotted Wrasse[634]
Satin Parrot-fish[634]
Black-spotted Parrot-fish[635]
A Wrasse[635]
Globe-fish[636]
Black-spotted Globe-fish[637]
Trigger-fish[637]
Coffer-fishes[638]
Lace-finned Leather-jacket[639]
Spotted Box- or Trunk-fish[639]
Sea-horses[640]
Whiting[641]
Pollack-whiting[642]
Spotted Sole[643]
Halibut[644]
Brill[645]
Eels[646]
Conger-eel[647]
Cat-fish[648]
Painted Eels from Bermuda[649]
Cat-fishes[649]
Carp[650]
Gold-fish[651]
Pike[652]
Pikerel[653]
"Sergeant Baker"[653]
Beaked Salmon[654]
Queensland Smelt[655]
Salmon-trout[656]
American Salmon-trout from Diamond Lake, New Zealand[657]
Smelt[658]
Ox-eyed Herring[659]
Queensland Lung-fish[660]
Australian Pilchards[661]
Bony Pike[662]
Sturgeon[663]
Sterlet[663]
Bicher[663],[664]
Wollibong, or Carpet-shark[665]
Spotted Shark[665]
Basking-shark[666]
Ocellated Dog-fish[667]
Indian Sting-ray[667]
Horned Ox-ray, or Devil-fish[668]
Whip-tailed Sting-ray[668]
Shovel-nosed Skate[669]
Painted Skate[669]
Barnacles[670]
A pair of Barnacles[670]
Acorn-barnacle[671]
Wood-louse[671]
Shrimp[672]
Fresh-water Crab[672]
Spider-crab[673]
Blue Crab[673]
Fighting Crabs[674]
Egyptian Scorpion[675]
Tree Trap-door Spider of Brazil[676]
House-spider[676]
Garden-spider in web[677]

Spanish Tarantula

[678]
Giant Centipede[679]
Giant Millipede[680]
Tiger-beetle[681]
Ground-beetle[682]
Great Brown Water-beetle (male)[682]
Black Water-beetle[682]
Two Burying-beetles[683]
Male Stag-beetle[684]
Skipjack Beetle[684]
Hercules Beetle flying[684]
Cockchafer on daisy[685]
Harlequin Beetle[686]
Jumping-beetle, allied to the Turnip-flea[686]
Reed-beetle[687]
Musk-beetle[688]
Earwig[689]
American Cockroach[689]
Stick-insect[690]
Walking Leaf-insects[690]
House-cricket[691]
Mole-cricket[691]
Long-horned Grasshopper[692]
Cape Grasshopper (female)[692]
Egyptian Locust[693]
Wart-eating Grasshopper (two views)[694]
Dragon-fly[695]
Queen Termite[696]
Termites[696]
Termite's nests in Queensland[697]
Termites at work[698]
Termites' nest[699]
Scorpion-fly[699]
Adult form of Ant-lion[700]
Large Caddis-fly[701]
Saw-fly[702]
Marble Gall-fly and gall[702]
Tree-wasp[703]
Tree wasp's nest[703]
Pine-boring Wasp (female)[704]
Pine-boring Wasp (male)[704]
Ichneumon-fly[705]
Ruby-tailed Fly[705]
Wood-ant[705]
Solitary Ant (male and female)[706]
Hornet[706]
Hive-bee (queen, worker, and drone)[707]
Bumble-bee on everlasting-pea[707]
Bees[708]
Leaf-butterfly[709]
South American Long-winged Butterflies[710]
Diana Fritillary[710]
Queen of Spain Fritillary[710]
Tawny Admiral[711]
Caterpillar of Tawny Admiral[711]
Blue Butterfly[712]
Blue Morpho Butterfly and Humming-bird[712]
Large Blue Butterfly[713]
Mazarine Blue Butterfly[713]
Long-tailed Blue Butterfly[713]
Bloxworth Blue Butterfly[713]
Large Copper Butterfly[714]
Dusky Copper Butterfly[714]
New Guinea Golden Butterfly[715]
Australian Butterflies[715]
Bath White Butterfly[716]
Green-veined White Butterfly[716]
Black-veined White Butterfly[716]
Orange-tip[717]
Large Grizzled Skipper Butterfly[717]
Swallow-tailed Butterfly[717]
Elephant Hawk-moths[718]
Luna Moths[718]
Polyphemus Moth[719]
Cecropia Moth[719]
Imperial Moth[719]
Cocoons of Cypress-moth[720]
Cypress-moths at rest[720]
Cypress-moths[721]
Cypress-caterpillars[721]
Death's-head Moth[722]
Day-flying Moth of Madagascar[722]
Convolvulus Hawk-moth[722]
Great Peacock-moth[723]
Polyphemus Moth[723]
White Plume-moth[724]
Indian Swallow-tailed Moth[724]
Shield-bug[725]
Juniper-bug[725]

Lace-wing Bug

[725]
Masked Bug[726]
Great Water-bug[727]
Indian Candle-fly[728]
Aphis[729]
Scale-insects[729]
Cicada and Pupæ[730]
Brown Mosquito[730]
Hornet Robber-fly[731]
Daddy-long-legs[731]
Hover-fly[732]
Rat-tailed Larva[732]
House-fly (male and female)[733]
Blue-bottle Fly, or Blow-fly[733],[734]
Tsetse-fly[735]
Bee-fly[736]
An Octopus crouching in a rock-pool[737]
An Octopus on its back at bay, left high and dry by the retreating tide[737]
Octopods[738]
A Tasmanian Squid, or Cuttle-fish[738]
Shell of the Pearly Nautilus[739]
Shell of the Argonaut, or Paper-nautilus[740]
Limpets, Whelks, and Barnacles[741]
Shell Beach, Abrolhos Islands[741]
Great Clam-shell on coral-reef[741]
Giant Clam-shells on the Great Barrier Reef, as exposed at extreme low tide[741]
Highly magnified tongue of a Sea-snail[742]
A Scorpion-shell[743]
Rock-oysters[743]
A Queensland Oyster-bank[744]
Southern Cross Pearl, valued at £10,000[745]
Pearl-shell with group of Golden Pearls[745]
Queensland Pearls on Black-lipped Pearl-shell[745]
Pearl produced by operation on the animal[745]
Common or Short-spined Sea-urchin[746]
Long-spined Sea-urchins[747]
Thick-spined Sea-urchin[748]
Star-fish in water[749]
Star-fish, out of water, turning over[749]
A young Brittle Star-fish (much magnified)[750]
A branching-armed Brittle-star[751]
Sea-cucumbers, some with extended tentacles[751]
Sea-cucumber, or Bêche-de-mer[752]
Prickly Sea-cucumber[752]
Black Sea-cucumber[753]
Moss-animals[754]
Tube-worms[755]
Sea-worms, or Nereids[756]
Sea-mice[756]
Portion of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia[757]
A Mushroom-coral fully expanded[758]
Mushroom-corals, with the anemone-like polyp expanded[758]
Part of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia[759]
Portion of a Stag's-horn Coral[760]
A clump of Stag's-horn Coral[760]
Bleached Corals from the Great Barrier Reef[761]
A Queensland Star-coral[762]
A giant Anemone from the Great Barrier Reef[763]
A giant Sea-anemone[763]
Frilled Sponge[764]
Reticulated Sponge[764]
Portuguese Bird's-nest Sponge[765]
Chalina Sponge[765]
Cup-sponges[766]
Shells of Forams highly magnified[767]
Noctilucas[767]
Polycysts[768]

THE LIVING ANIMALS OF THE WORLD.

BOOK II. BIRDS.

BY W. P. PYCRAFT, A.L.S., F.Z.S.

CHAPTER I.