Hayes Route. The main route of the fur traders, from Hudson Bay to Lake Winnipeg and the interior. It was adopted at a very early date, the more obvious route by way of Nelson River having proved impracticable. The Hayes route runs up Hayes River to Oxford Lake, and thence by a series of small lakes and rivers over the height of land and down the Echimamish River to Little Playgreen Lake, and Lake Winnipeg. York Factory stands at the Hudson Bay end of the route, and Norway House at the entrance to Lake Winnipeg.
Hazen, John Douglas (1860- ). Born in Oromocto, New Brunswick. Educated at the University of New Brunswick; studied law and called to the bar of New Brunswick, 1883. Alderman of Fredericton and mayor for two years. Elected to the House of Commons for St. John City and County, 1891; but defeated, 1896. Elected to the New Brunswick Assembly for Sunbury, 1899; chosen leader of the opposition in the Assembly; premier and attorney-general, 1908. Bib.: Morgan, Can. Men; Canadian Who's Who.
Hazen, Moses. Dr Brings news of Arnold's attack on St. Johns, 34. Hd A rebel spy, 130; mentioned by Haldimand in despatch, 132-133.
Hazen, Robert Leonard (1806-1874). Born in St. John, New Brunswick. Studied law and called to the bar, 1832; sat for St. John in New Brunswick Assembly, 1837-1848; in Legislative Council, 1848-1867; member of Executive Council without portfolio, 1844-1854, and again, 1856-1857; called to the Senate, 1867; judge of Vice-Admiralty Court of New Brunswick, 1846-1874. Index: W On responsible government, 63-64; appointed to Executive Council, New Brunswick, 72; resigns, 76; referred to in Wilmot's speech, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110. T Member of Gray-Wilmot ministry, 41. Bib.: Parl. Comp., 1873; Hannay, History of New Brunswick.
Hazen's Rangers. WM In battle of the Plains, 257.
Head, Sir Edmund Walker (1805-1868). Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1830-1837; lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 1847; governor-general of Canada, 1854-1861. Afterwards appointed a civil service commissioner and elected governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. Index: Md Calls upon Taché to form ministry, 80; suggests Bytown (Ottawa) as capital, 85. E Succeeds Elgin as governor-general, Dec. 19, 1854, 203; Elgin's opinion of, 208; visits Elgin, 239. B Sends for George Brown to form ministry—relations with, 101-105, 108. R Requests report on separate school question from Ryerson, 234. W On reducing number of judges in New Brunswick, 129, 130; and Wilmot, 131. T Judicial appointments, 31; and Confederation question, 63. Bib.: Morgan, Cel. Can.; Dent, Can. Por. and Last Forty Years; Dict. Nat. Biog.; Pope, Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald; Mackenzie, Hon. George Brown.
Head, Sir Francis Bond (1793-1875). Served in Royal Engineers at Waterloo; travelled in South America, 1825-1826; appointed lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, 1835-1837; made privy councillor, 1867. Index: Mc Governor of Upper Canada, states his position on responsible government, 22; Durham says he purposely invited rebellion, 23; his instructions on taking office, 263; makes public a confidential despatch, 280; arrives in Canada, 291; his appointment, 291; states his position, 293; appoints three executive councillors, 294; Council resigns, 294; his views of responsibility, 295; censured by committee of the House, 296; House adopts the report, 297; refuses supplies, 297; he replies to address of deputation, 298; deputation's reply, 300; appoints four new councillors, 300; schooled by Lord Glenelg, 301; joins Family Compact, 302; dissolves the House, 303; refuses assent to money bills, 303; interferes in elections, 304; insults Glenelg, 304; denounces Robert Baldwin, 305; quarrels with imperial commission of inquiry, 305; refuses to obey Lord Glenelg, 307; W. J. Rattray on, 307; his success in the elections, 308; unscrupulous influence in, 309; Lord Durham on, 309; some of his addresses, 313; charged with undue influence in, 313; sustained by partisan House, 314; refuses offer of troops, 353; invites revolt, 354, 355; prepares to escape, 364; sends flag of truce, 368; offers reward for Mackenzie's apprehension, 380; orders burning of property, 381; seeks Mackenzie's extradition, 415. Sy Recall of, 109. BL Comes as governor, 16, 32; his appointment, 35; his character, 36; his arrival in Toronto, 37; relations with the Reformers, 37; appoints Baldwin, Rolph, and Dunn to the Council, 38; their resignation, 41; quarrels with Reform party, 41-42; dissolves Assembly and throws his influence on Tory side in the elections, 41-42; wins the election, 42; his Tory Parliament, 62; attitude towards colonial self-government, 64; Draper a member of his Council, 77; compared to Bagot, 151. R His instructions, 112; his conciliatory promises not fulfilled, 113; end of his administration, 114; advances funds to Upper Canada Academy, 142-143. E An unfortunate choice as governor, 1; and the Upper Canada Rebellion, 22. Bib.: Works: Narrative; The Emigrant; Journeys in the Pampas and Andes; Life of Bruce, the Traveller; Life of Burgoyne. For biog., see Morgan, Cel. Can.; Dict. Nat. Biog.; Read, Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada and Rebellion of 1837; Dent, Can. Por. and Upper Canadian Rebellion; Lizars, Humours of '37; Fitz Gibbon, A Veteran of 1812; Robinson, Sir John Beverley Robinson; Ryerson, Story of my Life; Egerton and Grant, Canadian Constitutional Development; Durham, Report; Lord Glenelg's Despatches to Sir F.B. Head, London, 1839.
Hearne, Samuel (1745-1792). Came to Fort Prince of Wales on the Hudson's Bay Company's ship Prince Rupert. Under instructions from the Company, and after two abortive attempts, set forth in December, 1770, on his memorable journey to the mouth of the Coppermine River, which he reached in July of the following year. Returning by way of Great Slave Lake, arrived at Fort Prince of Wales in June, 1772. Two years later sent to the Saskatchewan, where he built Cumberland House. On his return in 1775, appointed governor of Fort Prince of Wales, and still in charge when the fort was captured by La Perouse in 1782. Brief accounts of his journey published after his return from the Coppermine, and some of his statements severely criticized by Alexander Dalrymple. The complete account of the expedition did not appear until three years after his death. Index: MS Sent inland by Hudson's Bay Company, 3; discovers Coppermine River and Great Slave Lake, 3, 31; builds Cumberland House, 4; magnitude of his explorations, 31; his guide Matonabee, 32. D His expedition to Coppermine River made on behalf of Hudson's Bay Company, 51; his discoveries known to Alexander Mackenzie, 53. Bib.: Works: Journey from Prince of Wales Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean, etc., 1769-1772 (Lond., 1795). New ed., edited by J. B. Tyrrell, Champlain Soc., 1910; French trans. by M. Lallemant in 2 vols. (Paris, 1799). Also, abridged in Mavor's collection of Voyages, xxiv, 1-66. Brief accounts of Hearne and his explorations will be found in Bryce, Hudson's Bay Company; Willson, Great Company; Laut, Pathfinders of the West and Conquest of the Great North-West; Burpee, Search for the Western Sea.
Heath, General William (1737-1814). Dr Commissioner on American side for exchange of prisoners, 208. Bib.: Cyc. Am. Biog.
Heathfield, George Augustus Eliott, first Baron (1717-1790). Defender of Gibraltar. Index: Hd His marriage, 316. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.