Johnston, Sir W. C Chief-justice of Quebec, 119; his views on French-Canadian cooking, 119.
Johnstone, Chevalier. WM Aide-de-camp to Lévis, 139; his redoubt evacuated, 140; with Montcalm on night preceding battle, 175; his opinion of Bougainville, 177; on brave rally of Canadians, 203; on demoralization of French troops, 207; on Vaudreuil and proposed capitulation, 209; on the flight to Jacques Cartier, 217; on battle of Ste. Foy, 261, 263, 264. Bib.: Doughty, Siege of Quebec.
Johnstone, James William (1793-1873). Born in Jamaica. Came to Nova Scotia, studied law in Annapolis, and practised in Kentville and Halifax. Appointed solicitor-general and a member of the governor's Council, and became the recognized leader of the Conservative party in Nova Scotia. Resigned his seat in the Council in 1843 to contest Annapolis for the Assembly, and represented the county until 1864, when appointed judge in Equity. On the death of Howe in 1873 made lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia. Died in England the same year. Index: H Appointed solicitor-general, 1834, 57; becomes member of Executive and Legislative Councils, 1838, 57; leader of party opposed to responsible government, 58; his birth, ancestry, and character, 58; Sir Colin Campbell's chief adviser, 71; obnoxious to the Liberals, 71; opposes Howe's views as to responsibility of ministers to the Assembly, 75; makes public declaration as to dual responsibility of ministers, to the governor and the Legislature, 76; joins the Baptists, 77-78; defends denominational schools, 83; the election of 1843, 85-86; W. B. Almon called to Executive and Legislative Councils, 86-87; secures majority in new Legislature, 87; contest with Howe, 89-90; makes speech against Howe, 98; carries measure for simultaneous polling, 104; resigns with his government, 1848, 107; member of Railway Convention at Portland, 1850, 121; opposes government railways, 144; moves vote of want of confidence, 165, 167; forms new government, 167; his party defeated in elections of 1859, 168; the chief-justiceship, 168; leader of the opposition, 171; becomes attorney-general in 1863, and judge in Equity, 1864, 172; favours Confederation, 174; introduces bill prohibiting sale of intoxicants to Indians, 247-248. T Advocates Confederation in Nova Scotia Assembly, in 1854, 62. Bib.: Saunders, Three Premiers of Nova Scotia; Campbell, History of Nova Scotia; Bourinot, Builders of Nova Scotia; Rattray, The Scot in British North America; Rose, Cyc. Can. Biog.
Johnstone's Redoubt. WM French position on Beauport shore, 133, 136, 140.
Joint High Commission, British-American, 1898-1899. Met in Quebec, Aug. 23, 1898, and again in Washington, Nov. 10. The meetings continued until Feb. 20, 1899, ending in a disagreement. Canada was represented by Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Sir Richard Cartwright, Sir Louis Davies, and John Charlton; the United States by Gen. J. W. Foster, Hon. George Gray, Hon. C.W. Fairbanks, Hon. John A. Kasson, Hon. N. Dingley, and T. Jefferson Coolidge; and Newfoundland by Sir J. S. Winter and Hon. A. B. Morine. Lord Herschell acted as chairman. Among the questions discussed were reciprocity, the Atlantic fisheries, the Alaskan boundary, the seal fisheries, war vessels on the Great Lakes, the bonding privilege, alien labour laws, and mining rights. Bib.: Willison, Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party.
Jolliet, Louis (1645-1700). Born at Quebec; son of a wagon-maker in the employ of the Company of New France. Educated by the Jesuits, and took minor orders, but renounced his clerical vocation to engage in the fur trade. Sent by Talon to discover copper-mines on Lake Superior, and met La Salle on his return journey, 1669, near the site of the city of Hamilton. In 1673 set out with Jacques Marquette (q.v.) to discover the Mississippi. Leaving Michilimackinac on May 17, they coasted the north shore of Lake Michigan, to the foot of Green Bay, ascended Fox River to Lake Winnebago, and descended the Wisconsin to the Mississippi, which they reached a month after leaving Michilimackinac. Descended the great river, passing the mouths of the Illinois, Missouri, Ohio, and Arkansas, and turned back from a village of the Arkansas Indians on July 17; returning to Lake Michigan by way of the Illinois. Jolliet was unfortunate enough to lose the records of his journey at the foot of the Lachine rapids, almost within sight of Montreal. Made a journey to Hudson Bay in 1679; and the following year received a grant of the Island of Anticosti, where he settled with his family. In 1694 explored the coast of Labrador. On his return made royal pilot for the St. Lawrence, and hydrographer of the colony. Index: F Discoverer of Mississippi, 155. WM Descends Mississippi, 19. L Follows course of Mississippi, 11; abandons priestly career and becomes explorer, 59; his exploration of Mississippi, 146; his burial, 147. Bib.: Parkman, La Salle; Faillon, Colonie Française en Canada; Margry, Découvertes et Établissements des Français; Gagnon, Louis Jolliet. See also Marquette.
Jolliet, Zachary. F His December journey from Michilimackinac to Quebec, 240.
Joly de Lotbinière, Sir Henri Gustave (1829-1908). Studied law and called to the bar, 1855. Elected to Assembly for Lotbinière, 1861. Took a prominent part in opposition to Confederation. In 1867 elected for both Dominion and Quebec Houses, and sat in both up to 1874. Led opposition in Assembly until 1878, when he was called upon to form a ministry. His government defeated in 1879, and in 1885 dropped out of public life for a time. Returned for Portneuf in 1896, and became controller of inland revenue; the following year called to the Cabinet as minister of inland revenue. Appointed lieutenant-governor of British Columbia, 1900. Index: Md Liberal leader in Quebec, sustained in provincial election by majority of one, 249; his connection with the Letellier case, 249. Bib.: Morgan, Can. Men; Dent, Can. Por.; Rose, Cyc. Can. Biog.
Jones, Alfred Gilpin (1824-1906). Born at Weymouth, Nova Scotia, of United Empire Loyalist stock. Built up great shipping industry at Halifax. Entered public life as an opponent of Confederation. Represented Halifax in Dominion House 1867-1872, 1874-1878. Became minister of militia, 1878. Defeated in general election of that year, and again in 1881; elected in 1887, but defeated in 1891. Lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia 1900-1906. Index: H Asked by Howe to attend conference with Sir John Rose, on financial situation, 223; his reasons for declining, 224; leader of Anti-Confederate party in Nova Scotia, 224. Bib.: Dent, Can. Por.; Morgan, Can. Men; Rose, Cyc. Can. Biog.
Jones, John Paul (1747-1792). Born in Scotland; son of John Paul, of Arbigland; assumed name of Jones. Entered American navy, 1775. Captured the Serapis, 1779. Entered Russian naval service, 1788, with rank of rear-admiral. Died in Paris. Index: Hd Mentioned in Haldimand's correspondence, 245. Bib.: Sherbourne, Life of Paul Jones; Mackenzie, Life of Paul Jones; Hamilton, Life of Paul Jones; Cyc. Am. Biog.