Ontario, Lake. The smallest of the Great Lakes; area, 7,260 square miles. Discovered by Étienne Brûlé in 1615.
Orders-in-Council. Bk British, prohibiting neutral trade between hostile ports, 93, 106, 111; premature announcement of withdrawal of, 120, 121; difficulty of withdrawing, 192, 193; repealed, 193. Bib.: Dict. Eng. Hist.
Ordre du Bon Temps. Ch Social club established at Port Royal, 36.
Oregon. D Extent of district, 56-57; origin of name, 56-57; arrival of ships Convoy and Owyhee, 1829, 136; first missionaries, 136-142; coming of the settlers, 138-142; provisional government, 143; John Gordon sent to report on its value, 183; incident of his salmon fishing, 183-184; question of ownership, conflicting views of Great Britain and the United States, 62-64. Bib.: Bancroft, History of the North-West Coast; Nicolay, Oregon Territory; Foster, Bibliography of Oregon in Mag. of Amer. Hist., vol. xxv.
Oregon Boundary Question. D Settled in 1846, 27; occupation of the Columbia by the Astorians made basis of United States claims, 72; Oregon Treaty, 1846, 114; fundamental elements of dispute, 147-149; the Spanish title, 148; the collision at Nootka, 148; Gray's exploit strengthens United States claim, 148; negotiations between Great Britain and the United States, 149-150; United States flag raised over Astoria, 150; agreement of Oct. 20, 1818, 151; Florida Treaty, 1819, and the Spanish title in the west, 153; negotiations reopened at London, 154; attitude of British and American governments, 154; compromise of 1827, 155; popular feeling in United States, 156; "fifty-four forty or fight," 157; arbitration refused, 157; 49th parallel proposed by Britain as boundary, 157; analyses of opposing claims, 159-168; mutual ignorance concerning Oregon, 169-170; British and American diplomacy, 171-172; negotiations and treaty of 1846, 275; history of the dispute, 276-283. BL Treaty removes any immediate prospect of rupture with the United States, 272. E Threatening aspect of dispute leads to selection of a military governor; Lord Cathcart, 38; settlement of, 40. Md Settled by treaty of June 15, 1846, 178. Bib.: Lit. Amer. Hist.; Kingsford, History of Canada; Nicolay, Oregon Territory; Gray, History of Oregon; Hodgins, British and American Diplomacy Affecting Canada; Begg, History of British Columbia; Schafer, History of the Pacific North-West; History and Digest of International Arbitrations to which United States has been a Party; Egerton, Canada.
Orehaoué. F Cayuga chief, brought back from France by Frontenac, 237; services rendered by, 315, 339.
Orford, Horace Walpole, fourth Earl of (1717-1797). Sat in Parliament, 1741-1767; established a private press at Strawberry Hill, at which he printed his various works. Index: WM His statement regarding Townshend, 74; on fall of Quebec, 238. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.
Oriskany. Dr Battle of, Indians lose heavily in, 173.
Orleans, Jean Baptiste Gaston, Duke of (1608-1660). Ch Conspires against his brother Louis XIII, 215.
Orleans, Isle of. In the St. Lawrence River, below Quebec. It was first named by Jacques Cartier, in 1535, the Island of Bacchus, on account of the numerous grape-vines growing there. In 1759 it was occupied by Wolfe and the British troops during the siege of Quebec. Index: WM Evacuated, 90; British establish fortified camp on, 108; settlements on, burned by Wolfe's orders, 150. L Exchanged by Laval for Ile Jésus, 138. Ch Granted to Guillaume de Caën, 140. Bib.: Doughty, Siege of Quebec; Wood, The Fight for Canada.