Parent, Étienne (1801-1874). Born at Beauport, near Quebec. Educated at the Seminary of Quebec, and at the College of Nicolet. In 1822 editor of Le Canadien, but resigned, 1825, to study law. After being called to the bar and practising for a short time, abandoned the profession on his appointment as French translator to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. In 1831 editor of Le Canadien, and held the position for eleven years. During the Rebellion of 1837-1838 strongly supported the extreme measures of Papineau, and imprisoned in Quebec jail. In 1841 elected to the Assembly for Saguenay. In 1842 appointed clerk of the Executive Council; and in 1847 assistant secretary for Lower Canada. Index: P Applies name of Chouayens to those who would not follow Papineau, 68; withdraws from Papineau's party, 117; denounced by La Minerve as a traitor, 123. Bib.: Christie, History of Lower Canada.
Paris, Treaty of. Between England and France, signed 1763. Ceded Canada to Britain, France retaining islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. Index: E Guarantees institutions of French-Canadians, 24. P Grants free exercise of Roman Catholic religion, 9; breadth of view of framers of, 9. Dr Cedes Canada to Great Britain, 7. Sy Liberal provisions of, 62. WM Signed Feb. 10, 1763, 268; ends the Seven Years' War, 269. Bib.: Hertslet, Treaties and Conventions.
Parke, Thomas. Born in Ireland. Emigrated to Canada, and settled in York (Toronto) in 1820. Member for the county of Middlesex in the two last Parliaments of the province of Upper Canada. Member of the first Parliament of Canada, 1841-1844; surveyor-general in the La Fontaine-Baldwin administration, 1841-1845, when the office was abolished. Died, 1864. Index: Sy Made surveyor-general, 333. Bib.: Rose, Cyc. Can. Biog.; Dent, Last Forty Years.
Parker, Sir Hyde (1739-1807). Second son of Vice-Admiral Sir Hyde Parker. Born in England. Served in the navy under his father. In 1757 became lieutenant, and in 1763 commanded the Baleine. In 1766 transferred to the Hussar, and served under Lord Hood on the North American station until 1770; served with Howe at New York; Rhode Island in 1778; and in 1779 convoyed the troops to Savannah; knighted for his services, 1779; commander-in-chief at Jamaica, 1796-1800; promoted rear-admiral of the Red in 1799; commanded the fleet which attacked Copenhagen in 1807. Index: Bk In command of expedition to the Baltic, 24; signals Nelson at Copenhagen to leave off action, 28. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.
Parker, Robert. T Attorney-general, New Brunswick, appointed to bench, 19; made chief-justice, 1865, 93-94; dies same year, 94.
Parkes, Sir Henry (1815-1896). Australian statesman. Index: Md Rhodes suggests scheme of Imperial preferential trade to, 343.
Parkman, Francis (1823-1893). Born in Boston. Educated at Harvard, where he graduated, 1844. While still at college decided to write the history of the struggle between France and Britain for the dominion of the New World, and the remainder of his life was devoted to carrying out this great plan. Lived among the western tribes for months at a time, and on several occasions visited Canada and Europe for material for his work. Index: F On the Jesuit Relations, 30; on the beginnings of education and its founders, 31-32; on the encouragement of marriage, 57-58; reference to his account of the defence of fort at Verchères, 319-320. L On the friction of Laval with the governor-general and others, 34. WM On French colonization, 19. Bib.: Works: Pioneers of France in the New World; Count Frontenac; The Jesuits in North America; La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West; The Old Régime in Canada; A Half Century of Conflict; Montcalm and Wolfe; The Conspiracy of Pontiac; The Oregon Trail. For biog., see Farnham, Life of Francis Parkman.
Parliamentary Government. E Canadian and American systems compared, 239-267. P Not at first welcomed by French-Canadians, 19, 20; their change of view, 22; Lower Canadian Assembly petitions the king to be allowed to provide for expenses of administration, 30; partial control of budget granted in 1818, 30. H Granted to Canada and the Maritime Provinces, 14; its limitations, 14-17. Bib.: Bourinot, Parliamentary Procedure and Government; Todd, Parliamentary Government in the British Colonies.
Parliaments in France. F Subjection of, to royal power, 152.
Parr, John. Served in the army for some years; appointed governor of Nova Scotia, 1782; lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 1786-1791. The last governor of the province previous to the separation of New Brunswick from the old province of Nova Scotia, and instrumental in bringing about the change. Created widespread dissatisfaction by bad management of the affairs of the Loyalists in Nova Scotia. Parrtown, afterwards St. John, was named after him. Index: Dr Lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 206, 235; arranges for receiving Loyalists, 214. Bib.: Hannay, History of New Brunswick.