Punshon, William Morley (1824-1881). Born in England. Engaged for a time in the timber business with his father; joined the Methodists, 1838, and ordained a Wesleyan minister, 1845. Worked in London, 1858-1868, and in Canada, 1868-1873, when he returned to England. Index: R Ryerson's friendship for, 285; comes to Canada, 285-286; Ryerson's letter to, 288-289. Bib.: Dent, Can. Por.; Dict. Nat. Biog.
Purchas, Samuel (1575?-1626). A graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge. Rector of St. Martin's, Ludgate, London, 1614-1626. Fell heir to a number of unpublished narratives left by Hakluyt, and edited them with many others, in his collections of voyages and travels. Index: Ch Gives in his Pilgrims English version of Champlain's first narrative, 15. Bib.: Purchas his Pilgrimage, 1613; Purchas his Pilgrim, 1619; Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas his Pilgrimes, 1625.
Purchase of Commissions. Dr In Loyalist corps, 217.
Putnam, Charles S. W A leading barrister of Fredericton, 11.
Quadra, Juan Francisco de la Bodega y (1744?-1794). Knight of the Order of Santiago. Made voyages of exploration to the North-West Coast in 1775 and 1779. Governor of Nootka, and met Vancouver there in 1792 for the purpose of arranging the restoration of Nootka to the British crown. Index: D Voyage to North-West Coast, 7, 14; at Bay of Islands, 15; takes possession for Spain, 15; searches for Strait of Anian, 15; fails to discover mouth of Columbia, 15; sights Mount St. Elias and enters Prince William's Sound, 15; meets Vancouver at Nootka, 33. Bib.: Bancroft, History of the North-West Coast.
Quakers. S Try to bring about peace with Indians, 122. Hd Of Pennsylvania, their opposition to the government, 11, 12. Bk Emigration of, from Pennsylvania to Upper Canada, 49.
Quebec Act, 1774. Provided that the boundaries of the province of Quebec in the west should extend from Lake Erie to the Ohio, along the Ohio to the Mississippi, and north to the territories of the Hudson's Bay Company; guaranteed the French-Canadians in the free exercise of their religion; provided for the continuance of the criminal law of England, and for the appointment of a Legislative Council, with limited powers. Index: E Guarantees institutions of French Canada, 24. Dr Introduced in House of Lords, 63; its delimitation of Canada gives offence to older colonies, 63; concedes full religious liberty to Roman Catholics and establishes French civil law, 64; opposition to, 65; passed, 65; corporation of London petitions king to withhold assent, 69; saves Canada to British crown, 78; agitation against, 79-81; goes into force, 81, 89. L Beneficial operation of, 13. Sy Its effect in creating cleavage between French and English in Canada, 62; precipitated by American Revolution, 65; not carried out in its integrity, 66, 67; a mistake as preventing the unification of Canada, 91. BL Its provisions, 2-3; opposition to, 4; its results, 4. P Gives French-Canadians long-deferred justice, 7; establishes French civil law, 9; the magna charta of French-Canadians, 9, 16; its genesis and history, 11. Mc Commentary on, 47; cause of its repeal, 47. Hd Extends Quebec to Mississippi, 93; obnoxious to New Englanders, 101; not satisfactory to English inhabitants, 173, 175; in Haldimand's opinion, saved the country from going over to the enemy, 174; and estates of Ursuline nuns, 179; opposition to, 180; repeal wanted, 188, 264; Haldimand's opinion of, 195; his use of, 273. Bib.: Houston, Constitutional Documents of Canada; Bourinot, Constitutional History of Canada; Egerton and Grant, Canadian Constitutional Documents; Bradley, The Making of Canada; Lucas, History of Canada. See also Dorchester.
Quebec City. Founded by Champlain (q.v.), in 1608. Seventy-three years earlier, Jacques Cartier had sailed up the great river, and landed near the same spot, wintering in a creek not far from the native town of Stadaconé. Champlain, in 1608, built a rude fort, the Abitation de Québec, and a warehouse. There he and his men spent the winter, but before succour arrived in the spring, most Of them died of scurvy. Had a man of less courage and resourcefulness been in Command, the infant settlement of Quebec might have died a natural death. Champlain kept it alive, and, though harassed by enemies, and neglected by the motherland, the town grew steadily from the year of its birth. Quebec has passed through five sieges, that of Kirke in 1629, that of Phipps, 1690, the great siege of 1759, Lévis's siege of 1760, and that of Montgomery and Arnold, 1775-1776. Index: Bk The centre of society in Canada, 46; defective state of fortifications, 75; defences of in early years of nineteenth century, 89, 90, 94. Sy Charter of, reëstablished, 255; change in electoral limits of, 285; two members assigned to, 285. L Church erected at, 84; placed under patronage of Immaculate Conception and St. Louis, 85; not less pious as a community than Montreal, 92; conflagration at, 186; siege of, by expedition under Phipps, 229-231. B Brown's objection to, as seat of government, 70; gross election frauds in 1857, 99; fortifications of, to be completed by England, 186. Dr Carleton's report on fortifications of, 44; fortifications of, improved by Cramahé, 117; attack by Montgomery and Arnold on, repulsed, 125-131; garrison of, greatly encouraged, 133; gayety in, during winter of 1776-1777, 162; unreasonable demands of British inhabitants of, 252, 253. F Foundations of, 7; capture of, by Kirke, 20; restored to France, 23; population of city in 1666, 56; first ball given at, 59; sea expedition planned against, by New Englanders, 268-277; defences strengthened, 284; attack by squadron under Phipps, 285-300; defences further strengthened, 326. E Seat of government at, 78; Lord Elgin's references to, in his farewell address, 205-206. WM In 1756, description of, 15; Wolfe's plan for attacking, 76; fortifications afforded no protection, 79; batteries at, 95; batteries of, have no effect against enemy's works at Pointe Lévis, 113; discouragement of inhabitants, 113; general exodus from, 115; bombardment of, 115; thieves pillage the houses, 122; pitiable condition of, 160; abandoned by the enemy, the citizens call for capitulation, 224; garrison of, disorganized, 230; capitulation of, 230-235; rejoicing in England over fall of, 238; Vaudreuil maintains spies in, 243; sickness in British garrison of, 243. Ch Fortifications of, 157; slow progress of settlement at, 167; terms of capitulation of, 190-192; keys of, handed to Lewis Kirke, 195; English flag hoisted over, 196; names of families remaining at, after surrender, 196; passes again under French rule, 224; population in 1629, 208; destructive fire at, 1640, 241. BL Boundaries of, for political purposes changed by Sydenham, restored in 1842, 146; aspires to honour of capital, 181; seat of government, 338. Md Shares with Toronto the honour of seat of government, for sixteen years, 39; dispute over capital, 77; dissatisfaction of, over selection of Ottawa as capital, 85; conference on Confederation meets at, in 1864, 104-105. Hd Besieged by Wolfe, 25; news arrives of surrender of, 29; defended by Murray, 34; Murray lieutenant-governor of, 41; roads to, 45, 46; uses St. Maurice forges, 47; government of, 49; enlistment of French-Canadians in, 55-56; Haldimand arrives at, 117; Indians brought to, 152; fortifications of, strengthened, 183; prisons in, 187; threatened by French fleet, 188; census of, taken, 190; old customs of, 192, 221-224; Riedesels at, 220, 300-304; education in, 233-235; food supply of, 239; Nelson at, 244; rebel sympathizers in, 279; Du Calvet in, 286, 287; Haldimand's life in, 298; Haldimand sails from, 310; Haldimand Hill in, named after him, 346. Bib.: Doughty, Cradle of New France; Le Moine, Historical Notes on Quebec; MacPherson, Reminiscences of Old Quebec; Hawkins, Picture of Quebec; Douglas, Old France in the New World; Le Moine, Quebec Past and Present; Parker, Old Quebec.
Quebec Committee. Sy Its address to the electors in opposition to the union, 288.
Quebec Conference, 1864. To discuss terms of Confederation. Index: C Cauchon's commentaries on the resolutions, 24. B Division of authority between federal and provincial Legislatures, 163; residuary powers, 163-164; constitution of the Senate, 164-165; financial question, 165; resolutions adopted, 165; George Brown on, 165-166; delegates tour Canada, 166; its character defined, 205. H Frames scheme of Confederation, 178-179; Howe opposes the scheme, 185-191. Md Meets at Quebec, Oct. 10, 1864, to discuss union of provinces, 104; Taché selected as chairman, 104; deliberations behind closed doors, 105; passes seventy-two resolutions along main lines upon which Confederation was finally accomplished, 106; Macdonald's notes on, 106; legislative vs. federal union, 107-109, 245-247; financial relations of provinces and Dominion, 110; constitution of Senate, 110-112; question of representation, 112-113. T Deals with Intercolonial Railway question, 54; history of, 76-80. Bib.: Pope, Confederation Documents; Cauchon, Union of the Provinces; Whelan, Union of the British Provinces; Rawlings, Confederation of the British North American Provinces; Confederation Debates.