Switzerland. Hd Dangerous situation of, 4.
Sydenham, Charles Edward Poulett Thomson, first Baron (1799-1841). Sy Represented (as Charles Edward Poulett Thomson) city of Manchester in House of Commons, 2; his liberal views, 3; birth, 4; enters office of his father's firm at St. Petersburg, 5; introduced to best society there, 5; returns to England, 6; foreign travel, 6; linguistic acquirements, 6; returns to St. Petersburg, 7; visits central, southern, and eastern Russia, 7; spends part of winter at Vienna, 8; his journals, 8; death of his mother, 8; yields to prevalent mania for speculation, 10, 14; adopts new economic views, 12; becomes associated with philosophic Liberals, 13; candidate for representation of Dover in Commons, 13; incurs heavy expenses, 14; elected, 15; votes for reduction in duty on corn, 15; his view of politics, 16; his speech on the Navigation Acts, 17; advocates ballot and repeal of usury laws, 18; supports repeal of Test and Corporation Acts, 18; a believer in free trade, 18; moderate in his views, 19; suffers from gout, 20; spends winter in Paris and meets many able men, 20; speaks on parliamentary reform, 21; on the national system of taxation, 22, 23; recommends income tax, 24; made vice-president of Board of Trade, and treasurer of navy, 25; tariff reform and vested interests, 27, 29; takes little part in framing Reform Bill, 28; but devotes much attention to the public accounts, 28; negotiates commercial treaty with France, 29; his excessive labours, 30; elected both for Manchester and for Dover, 31; elects to sit for Manchester, 31; an advocate of commercial freedom, 33-38; great dinner given to, at Manchester, 37; his views on banking, 38; on the corn duties, 39; on free trade, 41; president of Board of Trade in reconstructed government, 43; Greville's description of, 43, 44; returns to office with Melbourne (1835), 46; re-elected (over Gladstone) for Manchester, 48; a departmental worker rather than an active politician, 49; description of, by Thomas Raikes, 49; makes commercial treaty with Austria, 50; founds school of design and promotes international copyright, 51; provides for regulation of railway charters, 53; collects statistics, 54; Lord Melbourne's estimate of his abilities, 56; accepts governor-generalship of Canada, in preference to chancellorship of the exchecquer, 57-59; instructor for Canada in principles of responsible government, 83; his tact in dealing with that question, 104; makes important changes in draft bill for reunion of provinces, 124; news of his appointment received in Canada, 129; appointment not acceptable to all parties, 129-132; Reformers of Upper Canada disposed to favour him, 133; article in Colonial Gazette on his mission, 136-141; his views on question of French nationality, 137; on parties in Upper Canada, 138; on responsible government, 139; his instructions, 141; Lord John Russell's letter accompanying instructions to, 141-144; large discretion intrusted to him, 144; sails in frigate Pique from Portsmouth, 147; arrival at Quebec, 147; his reflections on shipboard, 147, 148; sworn in, 149; his proclamation, 149, 150; address of the Quebec Committee of Trade, 152; meets Sir George Arthur at Montreal, 153; his task, to place Cabinet government in Canada on stable basis, 179, 187; forced to exercise an unusual measure of political control, 188; opposed by ultra-Tories and ultra-Radicals, 189; consults with Chief-Justice Stuart of Lower Canada, 191; summons Special Council of Lower Canada to consider question of union, 192; proceeds to Upper Canada, 195; describes navigation of the St. Lawrence, 196; arrives at Toronto and takes over government of province, 197; his significant reply to address of Toronto corporation, 198; calls for a return of revenue and expenditure of province, 198; describes condition of things in Upper Canada, 200-203; speech on opening of Upper Canada Legislature, 203, 204; thought too sympathetic with French-Canadians, 205, 233; carries union resolutions in Upper Canada Legislature, 203-210; his personal influence very marked, 210, 211; acknowledges support given to him by Reformers and moderate Conservatives, 213, 214; reports to the colonial secretary on the state of Upper Canada, 215-226; unpopular with French-Canadians, 233; decides to attempt settlement of Clergy Reserves question, 238; his message on the subject to the Legislative Assembly, 245, 246; secures passing of bill, 248; is non-committal on subject of responsible government, 249; his report on session to colonial secretary, 250, 251; goes to Montreal to meet Special Council, 253; describes situation in Lower Canada, 253-255; proceeds to Nova Scotia, 257; reports on situation there, 259-263; fails to anticipate full action of responsible government in the colonies, 263, 264; visits New Brunswick at request of Sir John Harvey, 264; returning to Canada, visits Eastern Townships, 265; tour through Upper Canada, 265-268; well received everywhere, 267; proposes to fix capital of united provinces at Kingston, 268; not so popular in Lower Canada, 269; notified that royal assent had been given to Union Act, 271; raised to peerage as Baron Sydenham and Toronto, 272; his strong desire that Union Act should provide a municipal system for Canada, 273-275; favours Kingston as seat of government, 281; authorized to proclaim Union, 282; appoints 10th of February, 1841, as date, 282; becomes from that date governor-in-chief of united province, 282; issues proclamation to people, 282; issues writ for general election, 282; his sympathy with French-Canadians, 284; changes electoral limits of Montreal and Quebec by attaching suburbs to adjoining counties, 285, 286; unable to give French-Canadians representation in his Cabinet owing to their rooted opposition to union, 288; supported by moderate Reformers, 291; his difficulty with Baldwin, 294-296; much aggrieved by Baldwin's action, 299; his analysis of the Legislature of 1841, 303, 304; his belief in theory of responsible government, 312, 313; his efforts to improve financial conditions, 315, 320; promises in speech from throne Imperial loan in aid of public works, 320; his views on emigration, 321; his satisfaction over passing of Local Government Bill, 325; interest in public works, 326; his plan for a bank of issue, 327; plan not suited to Canadian conditions at the time, 329; partial adoption of, many years later, 330; reorganizes public departments and Executive Council, 331-335; takes part in extradition and boundary negotiations with the United States, 336; serious illness, 337; sends resignation to take effect on close of session, 338; his confidence in the solidity of his work, 338; his absorption in his work, 339; receives Grand Cross of Bath, 340; meets with fatal accident, 341; his fortitude in suffering, 342; his last words to the Legislature, 342; his high opinion of Lord John Russell, 343; his death, 343; buried at Kingston, 344; eulogy of, by Dr. Ryerson, 346, 347; by Joseph Howe, 348, 349; general support given to his ideas by home government, 350; his special qualifications for his work in Canada, 352-355; gradually gains favour with French-Canadians, 355; his administration marks transition from the old system to the new, 356. B French-Canadians complain they are outraged by, 15-16. E His character, 2, 14; appointed governor-general to complete the union and establish responsible government, 26-29; his qualities, 29; his death, 30; his canal policy, 96-97; his proposed settlement of Clergy Reserves, 156-157. C Sent to Canada to carry out some of Durham's recommendations, 12; his character, 12; attitude towards Canadians, 12; secures approval of union scheme, 12-13; persuades Upper Canada to modify conditions of union, 14; wins the elections, 15; his constitutional battle with La Fontaine as to meaning of ministerial responsibility, 97; asked to disfranchise French of Lower Canada, 99. R Comes to Canada, supported by Ryerson, 122; his policy, 122; draws up resolutions on responsible government, 123-126; his influence on political life, 131; interview with Ryerson, 163; his death, 163. H Visits Nova Scotia, and discusses political situation with Joseph Howe and other leaders, 68. P His views as to political situation in Nova Scotia, 24; requests La Fontaine to enter Draper ministry, 72; referred to by Papineau, 171; his aim in bringing about union of the Canadas to crush the French-Canadians, according to La Fontaine, 174-175. BL In period of reconstruction, 50; sent to Canada as governor-general, 59; his previous career, 59; becomes Baron Sydenham and Toronto, 59; takes over government, and lays his plans before the Special Council, 59-60; his special project the union of the Canadas, 60-61; visits Upper Canada, 61; appoints Baldwin solicitor-general of Upper Canada, 63; his attitude towards responsible government, 64-67; union project, 67-71; describes a journey in Canada in 1839, 74-75; summons Legislature, 1841, 75; appoints Legislative and Executive Councils, 75, 83; correspondence with Baldwin as to personnel of Cabinet, 79-80, 81; succeeds in carrying on the government, 85; on the luxurious surroundings of colonial legislators, 86; absent from meeting of the Houses, 86; his speech from the throne, 89; his public policy, 90; his views as to his constitutional position, 97-98, 137; legislation as to municipal government, 100-105; the resolutions on constitutional government, 109-111; his death, Sept. 19, 1841, 111; Turcotte and McMullen on, 111-112; his character, 111-112; referred to in La Fontaine's speech, 128; changes boundaries of constituencies of Montreal and Quebec for political purposes, 146; this and other legislation of his repealed in 1842, 146-147; on responsible government, 161, 162, 163; dissatisfaction with his selection of Kingston as capital, 180; his instructions, 230; and Ryerson, 241; his application of the constitutional system, 274; municipal legislation under, 299. Mc On state of province, 406; would not have fought against rebels, 407; praises Reformers, 407; opposition from Family Compact, 407; gives responsible government, 409; surprised people had not rebelled sooner, 477. Md Advocate of responsible government, 17; his death, 17; secures passage, by Assembly, of Act secularizing Clergy Reserves, 1840, but on being sent to England, it is disallowed on technical grounds, 59-60. W His despatch to Lord John Russell on the Executive Council, 113. Bib.: Morgan, Cel. Can.; Dent, Can. Por. and Last Forty Years; Scrope, Memoir of Life of Sydenham.
Sydney. An important seaport of Nova Scotia; formerly the capital of the colony of Cape Breton. Founded in 1784, and the seat of the local government until 1820, when the island was united to Nova Scotia. Incorporated as a town in 1886, and received a city charter in 1904. Bib.: Nelson's Ency.
Sydney, Thomas Townshend, first Viscount (1733-1800). Entered Parliament, 1754; lord of the treasury, 1765; war secretary, 1872; and home secretary, 1783. The office of home secretary then included the colonies. Index: Dr Secretary of state, discusses with Carleton future of Canada, 224; his correspondence with Carleton, 242; succeeded in colonial office by Grenville, 248. Hd Du Calvet's petition to, 284-288; Haldimand's intercourse with, 310, 315, 322, 326, 337; speech to, 327. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.
Syndics. F Local representatives without votes, provided for in first council, 37.
Taché, Alexandre Antoninus (1823-1894). Born in Rivière du Loup, Quebec, and educated at Quebec and Montreal. In 1845 volunteered as a missionary to the Indians on the Great Lakes, and in the same year ordained to the priesthood. Founded several missions, schools, colleges, and convents in the North-West. In 1853 became bishop of St. Boniface, and in 1871 made archbishop. Index: C His missions, 69; warns government of trouble with half-breeds, 70; his visit to Rome, 70; recalled to placate half-breeds, 70. Md Warns Sir Georges Cartier of trouble in North-West, 157-158; on causes of rebellion, 240. Bib.: Works: Sketch of the North-West of America; Vingt Années de Missions dans la Nord-Ouest. For biog., see David, Vie de Taché; Benoit, Vie de Mgr. Taché, Archevêque de St. Boniface; Dent, Can. Por.
Taché, Sir Étienne Pascal (1795-1865). Born in St. Thomas, Quebec. Served during the War of 1812-1815. Studied medicine, practising until 1841. Entered Parliament, and in 1848 became commissioner of public works. Held the position of receiver-general from 1849 to 1856. Appointed to Legislative Council, 1856; subsequently elected Speaker; shortly after became premier, with John A. Macdonald as attorney-general and leader of the lower House. In 1858 visited England; knighted by Queen Victoria; appointed to the honorary rank of colonel in the British army, and made an aide-de-camp to the queen. For a few months in 1864 became premier in conjunction with Macdonald, but on the defeat of the government retired from public life. Index: C Replaces Morin in Liberal-Conservative administration, 33; with Cartier, induces Grand Trunk to extend line from Quebec to Rivière du Loup, 49; intrusted by Lord Monck with duty of forming a Cabinet, 68; alliance with Upper Canadian Conservatives, 99. BL Chief commissioner of public works, in second La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 284; in Assembly for six years (1841-1846), held office of deputy adjutant-general, given seat in Legislative Council, 284-285. E Chief commissioner of public works in La Fontaine-Baldwin Cabinet, 53; his historic saying as to British supremacy in America, 56; a Liberal leader in Lower Canada, 109; receiver-general in Hincks-Morin government, 113; retains same office in reconstructed ministry in 1853, 126. B Challenges Brown to publish Cardinal Wiseman's pastoral in the Globe, 44; said to have advised Roman Catholics to oppose secularization of Clergy Reserves, 48; forms ministry, 1864, 149; leads coalition government, 159; presents case for Confederation in Upper Chamber, 169; his death, July 30, 1865, 189; his character, 189; his prejudice against the Rouges, 200. R Introduces Separate School Bill, 230. Md Takes Morin's place in the Cabinet, 74; forms administration with Macdonald, 1856, 80; failing health forces him to resign, 83; induced to leave his retirement, and form another administration with Macdonald, which lasts only a few weeks, 90-91; chairman of Confederation Conference held at Quebec, 104; his death, 122. T His government weak, and defeated in 1864, 69; delegate to Quebec Conference, 76; president of Conference, 77. Bib.: Morgan, Cel. Can.; Dent, Can. Por. and Last Forty Years; Taylor, Brit. Am.
Tadoussac. A town in Saguenay County, Quebec, situated at the confluence of the Saguenay River with the St. Lawrence. Founded in 1599 by Chauvin, and visited by Champlain in 1603 and 1609. In the days of the early French colonists, a centre of the seal fisheries and the fur trade. Index: Ch Champlain arrives at, May 24, 1603, 10; derivation of name, 10; early date at which fishing vessels resorted thither, 59; seat of the fur trade, 119; Récollet mission at, 167.
Tait, Sir Melbourne McTaggart (1834- ). Born at Melbourne, Quebec. Educated at St. Francis College, Richmond. Studied law in Montreal, and graduated B. C. L. at McGill University, 1862; called to the bar, 1863; practised at Melbourne and afterwards at Montreal. In 1882 created Q. C.; in 1886 became a fellow-in-law in McGill University; in 1887 appointed judge of the Superior Court of Quebec; in 1894 acting chief-justice; and in 1906 chief-justice. On the completion of the sixtieth year of Queen Victoria's reign in 1897, knighted. Bib.: Morgan, Can. Men; Canadian Who's Who.
Talbot, Thomas (1771-1853). Rose to the rank of colonel in the British army, and for a time attached to the staff of Governor Simcoe. Resigning his commission, obtained in 1801 a grant of 5000 acres on the north shore of Lake Erie for the purposes of a settlement, and devoted himself to its development. Brought out a band of colonists from England, and others followed. Port Talbot became the centre of an ever-widening region of cultivated land, until before his death twenty-eight townships had been settled as the result of his efforts. Index: S Aide-de-camp to Simcoe, 177; returns to Ireland, later returns to Canada, and forms a settlement in western Ontario, 178. Bib.: Six Years in the Canadas. For biog., see Dict. Nat. Biog.; Dent, Can. Por.; Taylor, Brit. Am. See also Coyne, The Talbot Papers (R. S. C., 1907).