Wallace, Nathaniel Clarke (1844-1901). Born at Woodbridge, Ontario. Educated at the public schools and Weston Grammar School; taught school for some years. Subsequently engaged in mercantile life. Elected to the House of Commons for West York, 1878; continued as representative of that constituency until his death. Voted for the disallowance of the Jesuits' Estates Act, 1888; appointed controller of customs in the ministry of Sir John Thompson, 1892; resigned, 1895, owing to a disagreement with his colleagues in regard to the Manitoba school question. Grand master of the Orange Order in British America for over twenty years. Bib.: Dent, Can. Men.
Walley, John (1644-1712). Born in London, England. Commanded expedition against the French and their Indian allies in Canada, 1689. In 1690 sailed under Sir William Phipps to Quebec, but the siege was a failure. Published an account of the expedition on his return to Boston. In 1687, being one of the chief founders of the town of Bristol, elected a member of the Council. Also captain of the Ancient and Honourable Artillery Company of Boston. Index: F Second in command to Phipps, 281; lands with troops on Beauport flats, 292; his forces suffer severely, 298; draws off his men, leaving artillery behind, 300; his explanation of defeat of expedition, 300. Bib.: Cyc. Am. Biog.
Walpole, Horace. See Orford.
Walrond, Theodore. E On British ignorance of Canada, and Elgin's work there, 215. Bib.: Life of Elgin.
Walsingham, William de Grey, first Baron (1719-1781). Dr Solicitor-general of England, his views on Canadian laws, 62. Bib.: Dict. Nat. Biog.
War of 1812. Declared by the United States against Great Britain in June, 1812. The president in his message to Congress specified the grounds for war as follows: Non-revocation of the orders-in-council; interference with American trade; practical blockade of American ports; impressment of American seamen, and the instigation of Indian hostilities against the United States. The original intention of the American government was the conquest of the British provinces on the northern border, and several of the most important engagements were fought on Canadian soil. After severe fighting with varying success, a treaty of peace was signed at Ghent on Dec. 24, 1814. By this treaty all territory taken by either country (except some islands on the Bay of Passamaquoddy) was to be restored. All the American claims that led to the war were left unsettled by the treaty. Index: R Loyalty of Methodists in, 41; its aftermath, 41. P Services rendered by Papineau, 5. BL Stills for the time the internal conflict of races, 8-9. See also Stoney Creek; Queenston Heights; Châteauguay; Chrystler's Farm; Beaver Dam; Brock; FitzGibbon; Sheaffe; Van Rensselaer; Hull. Bib.: Lucas, Canadian War of 1812; Richardson, War of 1812; Cruikshank, Documentary History of the Campaign and Record of the Services of Canadian Regiments in the War of 1812; Roosevelt, Naval War of 1812; Auchinleck, War between Great Britain and the United States; Coffin, 1812: the War and its Moral; Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812; Irving, Officers of the British Forces in Canada during the War of 1812-14; Mahan, Naval War of 1812; Hannay, War of 1812-14. See also other references in Lit. Am. Hist.
Wark, David (1804-1905). Born near Londonderry, Ireland. Came to New Brunswick, 1825; engaged in mercantile life. Elected to the Legislative Assembly, 1843; appointed to the Legislative Council, 1851; member of the ministry, at first without portfolio and afterwards as receiver-general, 1858-1862; called to the Senate, 1867. Attended the session of the Senate in his hundredth year. Index: W Moves resolutions in New Brunswick Assembly on foreign commercial relations, 118. T Member of Fisher government, 43. Bib.: Morgan, Can. Men; Hannay, History of New Brunswick.
Warner, Seth (1743-1784). Born in Roxbury, Connecticut. At the outbreak of the American Revolution, joined the ranks of the patriots, and as second in command took part in the capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point. In 1775 ordered to Canada to serve under General Montgomery. Present at the siege of St. John's, and repulsed the British troops under Sir Guy Carleton, who attempted its relief. Served in the American army until 1782, when he retired. Index: Dr Attacks Ticonderoga, 179. Bib.: Cyc. Am. Biog.
Washington, George (1732-1799). First president of the United States. Index: Dr Recognizes Arnold's abilities, 105; ordered by Congress to appoint commission for exchange of prisoners, 207; opposed to resurrection of French power in North America, 281; his moderate views, 286. Hd Compared with Haldimand in appearance, 15; suggests change in uniform of troops, 16; occupies New York, 104; occupies Boston, 110; objects to his French allies invading Canada, 123; his small army, 126, 253; his dread of re-establishment of French rule in Canada, 129; Haldimand's demand on, for Hamilton's release, 169; his alleged threat against Vermont, 205; Schuyler's letter to, 206; his caution to Chittenden, 212-213; anxious to keep up exchange of prisoners through Vermont, 215; provoked at carrying on of trade between Vermont and Canada, 225; letter to Gage as to treatment of prisoners, 249; severity towards Loyalists, 249, 250; compared with Haldimand in character, 250; Pillon's treasonable correspondence with, 278; Riedesel's opinion of methods of, 298. Bib.: See Cyc. Am. Biog. for sketch, and list of lives.
Washington Treaty, 1871. Dealt with the Alabama claims; arbitration of the San Juan boundary; North Atlantic fisheries; navigation of certain rivers and canals and of Lake Michigan; system of bonded transit; exemption from duty of United States logs floated down the St. John River. An attempt was made by Sir John A. Macdonald, who represented Canadian interests in the negotiation of the treaty, to revive the provisions of the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854, but without success. The other British commissioners were Earl de Grey, Sir Edward Thornton, Sir Stafford Northcote, and Professor Montague Bernard. The United States representatives were Hamilton Fish, General Schenck, Judge Nelson, Judge Hoar, and Senator Williams. The treaty was duly ratified, and brought into operation by proclamation, July 4, 1871. It was terminated, at the instance of the United States, July, 1885. Index: Md History of, 165-192; questions arising out of American War of Secession, 165; questions of special interest to Canada—San Juan boundary, Fenian Raid claims, inshore fisheries, reciprocity, 166-167; Joint High Commission, 168-169; personnel of commission, 169; Macdonald a member, 169; difficulty of his position, 172; outcome of negotiations, 174-178; San Juan boundary referred to arbitration, 178-180; settlement of fisheries question, 181-183; Macdonald signs treaty in interests of empire, 184-185; meets storm of opposition in Canada, 185-186; defends treaty in Parliament, 186-190; Halifax Commission and award, 190. B Brown's mission of 1874, and abortive Reciprocity Treaty of same year, a direct result of, 225. Bib.: Pope, Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald; Houston, Constitutional Documents; Hertslet, Treaties and Conventions; Messages, Despatches, and Minutes of the Privy Council Relative to the Treaty of Washington, Ottawa, 1872; Cushing, The Treaty of Washington; Adams, Before and after the Treaty of Washington.